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Slouch

Posture Panic in Modern America
  • and
Language: English
Published/Copyright: 2024

About this book

The strange and surprising history of the so-called epidemic of bad posture in modern America—from eugenics and posture pageants to today’s promoters of “paleo posture”

In 1995, a scandal erupted when the New York Times revealed that the Smithsonian possessed a century’s worth of nude “posture” photos of college students. In this riveting history, Beth Linker tells why these photos were only a small part of the incredible story of twentieth-century America’s largely forgotten posture panic—a decades-long episode in which it was widely accepted as scientific fact that Americans were suffering from an epidemic of bad posture, with potentially catastrophic health consequences. Tracing the rise and fall of this socially manufactured epidemic, Slouch also tells how this period continues to feed today’s widespread anxieties about posture.

In the early twentieth century, the eugenics movement and fears of disability gave slouching a new scientific relevance. Bad posture came to be seen as an individual health threat, an affront to conventional race hierarchies, and a sign of American decline. What followed were massive efforts to measure, track, and prevent slouching and, later, back pain—campaigns that reached schools, workplaces, and beyond, from the creation of the American Posture League to posture pageants. The popularity of posture-enhancing products, such as girdles and lumbar supports, exploded, as did new fitness programs focused on postural muscles, such as Pilates and modern yoga. By 1970, student protests largely brought an end to school posture exams and photos, but many efforts to fight bad posture continued, despite a lack of scientific evidence.

A compelling history that mixes seriousness and humor, Slouch is a unique and provocative account of the unexpected origins of our largely unquestioned ideas about bad posture.

Author / Editor information

Beth Linker is a historian of medicine and disability and a former physical therapist. She is the Samuel H. Preston Endowed Term Professor in the Social Sciences in the Department of History and Sociology of Science at the University of Pennsylvania. She is the author of War’s Waste: Rehabilitation in World War I America, and her work has been featured in The New Yorker, the Boston Globe, and other publications.

Reviews

"Deeply researched and engagingly written. . . . This book is a must-read for scholars in the history of nineteenth and twentieth-century science, medicine, and disability."---Andrew J. Hogan, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences --- "Fascinating."---Tim Horder, Oxford Magazine --- "A useful addition to the larger scholarship on the social, cultural, and political implications of bodily standards. . . . [Slouch] reveals the normalization and standardization of bodily comportment that was central to the posture sciences from its origins to the present and interrogates the ableism and racism at its core."---Jennifer Kaufmann-Buhler, Technology & Culture --- "[Slouch] offers insight into how persistent postural ableism harms disabled communities today and why posture continues to captivate modern research and retail. . . . Essential reading for all students and professionals whose work concerns bodies and health inequity."---Rajiv M. Sastry, Disability & Society --- "An engaging book on the science of posture. . . . [Linker] provides a sophisticated critique of identifying postural problems as an ‘epidemic,’ which engages modes of surveillance and control, often internalized by each generation. . . . Highly recommended." --- "Compelling. . . . [a] fascinating study."---Anna Katharina Schaffner, Times Literary Supplement --- "Linker has uncovered a decades-long international panic. . . . [She] expertly conveys just how embedded posture science once was—and how quickly it was forgotten."---Isabel Berwick, Financial Times  --- "Slouch is a skillfully researched, engrossing account of a socially engineered epidemic that captured the public imagination for the better part of a century." --- "Well-researched."---Belinda Lanks, Wall Street Journal --- "Astonishing."---Daniel Felsenthal, New Republic --- "A long history of anxiety about the proximity between human and bestial nature. . . . Linker traces the history of this concern: from the exchanges of nineteenth-century scientists, who first identified the possible ancestral causes of contemporary back pain, to the late-twentieth-century popularity of the Alexander Technique, Pilates, and hatha yoga. . . . She sees the ‘past and present worries concerning posture’ . . . [are] grounded in a mythology of human ancestry that posits the hunter-gatherer as an ideal from which we have fallen."---Rebecca Mead, The New Yorker --- "Shortlisted for the George Rosen Prize, American Association for the History of Medicine" --- "A Behavioral Scientist Notable Book of the Year" --- "A Choice Outstanding Academic Title of the Year"

Topics

  • Publicly Available

    Frontmatter

    i
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    Contents

    vii
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    Introduction

    1
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    CHAPTER 1 The Making of a Posture Science

    15
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    CHAPTER 2 Posture Epidemic

    43
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    CHAPTER 3 Posture Commercialization

    79
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    CHAPTER 4 Posture Queens and Fitness Regimes

    129
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    CHAPTER 5 The Geopolitics of Posture

    160
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    CHAPTER 6 The Perils of Posture Perfection

    195
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    CHAPTER 7 The Posture Photo Scandal

    226
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    EPILOGUE iPosture

    257
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    Acknowledgments

    269
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    Illustration Credits

    275
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    Notes

    279
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    Bibliography

    329
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    Index

    363
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Publishing information
Pages and Images/Illustrations in book
eBook published on:
June 12, 2024
eBook ISBN:
9780691235509
Pages and Images/Illustrations in book
View content
https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691235509
eBook ISBN: 9780691235509
Keywords for this book
American Posture League; World War; Dubois; African American; Camp; Smithsonian; Cold War; WAC; Native Americans; American Chiropractic Association; New York Times; Black Americans; Anglo-Saxon; League; Vassar; Pithecanthropus; Clevenger; McKenzie; Pembroke; Stimson; Bureau; U.S. Public Health Service; Second World War; Posture Clinic; Joint Board; Jewish; Student Alumnae Association; Chicago Defender; Neanderthal; Victorian; Wellesley; American Medical Association; Progressive-Era; Miss America; Kraus-Weber; Darwinian; Churchill; MacKinnon; Adrelene; Kiphuth; Hooton; Ortner; YMCA; National Anthropological Archives; Miss America Pageant; Brackett; Fundies; Knight; Java; Nazi; Harvard Slouch; Afro-American; Great War; Trupedic; Viennese; Tuskegee; Antioch; Olympic; DeVore; Greek; Arons; Krao; Siam; Burt; Duke; Holt; International Association of Physical Education and Sport for Girls and Women(IAPESGW); Women Against Pornography (WAP); Institutional Review Boards; Kennedy Administration
Audience(s) for this book
For a non-specialist adult audience
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