Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. Preface and Acknowledgments xiii
4. 1. What Is Cryptic Female Choice?
5. 1.1 Sexual Selection Results from Competition for Female Gametes, Not for Females 1
6. 1.2 How to Recognize Cryptic Female Choice 7
7. 1.3 Female "Rules of the Game" 10
8. 1.4 Taxonomic and Conceptual Biases of This Book 20
9. 1.5 Relationship with Genitalic Evolution 21
10. 1.6 Relationship with Male-Female Conflict 22
11. 1.7 Previous Biases: Male-Female Cooperation and "the Good of the Species" 27
12. 1.8 Previous Biases; Overly Strict Categorizations and "Fertilization Myopia" 28
13. 1.9 Previous Biases: Male Control and Female Passivity 34
14. 1.10 Summary 42
15. Notes 43
16. 2. Selection on Cryptic Female Choice
17. 2.1 Female Control Mechanisms and Natural Selection 45
18. 2.2 Categorical Descriptions and the Multiplicity of Female Sperm Storage Mechanisms 50
19. 2.3 Genetic Variance among Males 61
20. 2.4 Conditions Favoring the Evolution of Cryptic Female Choice 64
21. 2.5 A Test Case: Bedbugs 65
22. 2.6 Relationship between Cryptic Female Choice and "Sensory Traps " 67
23. 2.7 Do All Female-imposed "Rules of the Game" Result in Sexual Selection on Males? 70
24. 2.8 Good Genes, Runaway, or Endless Race? 73
25. 2.9 Summary 77
26. Notes 78
27. 3. Principal Mechanisms of Cryptic Female Choice
28. 3.1 Criteria 80
29. 3.2 Sometimes Discard Sperm of Current Male 81
30. 3.3 Sometimes Discard Sperm of Previous Males 88
31. 3.4 Sometimes Prevent Complete Intromission and Ejaculation 94
32. 3.5 Sometimes Fail to Transport Sperm to Storage Organs or Fertilization Sites 102
33. 3.6 Sometimes Remate with Another Male 111
34. 3.7 Sometimes Reduce Rate or Number of Offspring Produced 119
35. 3.8 Sometimes Forcefully Terminate Copulation before Sperm Are Transferred 125
36. 3.9 Sometimes Fail to Ovulate 133
37. 3.10 Sometimes Fail to Mature Eggs (Vitellogenesis) 139
38. Notes 140
39. 4. Other Mechanisms of Cryptic Female Choice
40. 4.1 Sometimes Fail to Prepare Uterus for Embryo Implantation 142
41. 4.2 Sometimes Impede Plugging of Reproductive Tract 146
42. 4.3 Sometimes Impede or Fail to Carry Out Plug Removal 153
43. 4.4 Sometimes Remove Spermatophore before Sperm Transfer Is Complete 155
44. 4.5 Sometimes Abort Zygotes (Bruce Effect 162
45. 4.6 Biased Use of Stored Sperm 167
46. 4.7 Sometimes Move Previous Male's Sperm to a Site Where the Current Male Can Manipulate Them 174
47. 4.8 Sometimes Make Subsequent Sperm Transfer More Difficult Morphologically 179
48. 4.9 Sometimes Resist Male Manipulations That Result in Discharge of His Spermatophore 182
49. 4.10 Sometimes Invest Less in Each Offspring 184
50. 4.11 Choose among Sperm That Have Reached the Egg 187
51. 4.12 Cryptic Male Choice 189
52. 4.13 Undetermined Mechanisms 190
53. 4.14 Discussion of Chapters 3 and 4 197
54. 4.15 Summary 202
55. Notes 203
56. 5. Evidence That Cryptic Female Choice Is Widespread, I: Copulatory Courtship and Related Phenomena
57. 5.1 Copulatory Courtship 204
58. 5.2 Genitalic Movements during Copulation as Courtship 219
59. 5.3 Other Evidence of Copulation as 239 Courtship 239
60. 5.4 Stimulation Necessary to Trigger Ejaculation 248
61. 5.5 Summary 254
62. Notes 255
63. 6. Evidence That Cryptic Female Choice Is Widespread, II: Effects of Male Sexual Products on Females
64. 6.1 Two Hypotheses 257
65. 6.2 Insects 258
66. 6.3 Ticks 291
67. 6.4 Mammals 298
68. 6.5 Other Animals 303
69. 6.6 A Third Hypothesis; Nutritional Effects on Females 304
70. 6.7 Taking Stock 315
71. 6.8 Summary 317
72. Notes 318
73. 7. Evidence That Cryptic Female Choice Is Widespread, III: Male and Female Morphology
74. 7.1 Female Reproductive Ducts: A Tortuous Route to the Egg 331
75. 7.2 Frequent Rapid, Divergent Evolution of Genitalia 349
76. 7.3 Summary 365
77. Notes 366
78. 8. Related Topics
79. 8.1 Significance of Variation in Volumes of Ejaculates and Sperm Storage Organs 367
80. 8.2 Intraspecific Variation in Cryptic Female Choice Criteria and Sexual Selection Theory 384
81. 8.3 Relative and Absolute Female Criteria in Cryptic Female Choice 386
82. 8.4 A Possible Relationship between Infertile Eggs and Overly Aggressive Sperm 389
83. 8.5 "Mistimed" Matings 394
84. 8.6 Summary 396
85. 9. Evidence Ruling Out Cryptic Female Choice; Is It Common?
86. 9.1 Lack of Variation in Female Processes Determining Paternity 397
87. 9.2 Lack of Correlation between Paternity and Other Male Characters 406
88. 9.3 Lack of Intraspecific Genetic Differences 407
89. 9.4 Female Monandry 411
90. 9.5 Summary 414
91. Notes 415
92. 10. Summary and Conclusions
93. 10.1 Overview of the Arguments 417
94. 10.2 Consequences for Sexual Selection Theory 418
95. References 423
96. Subject Index 489
97. Taxonomic Index 492