CHAPTER 14. Threats to Solitary Bees and Their Biological Conservation

Kapitel in diesem Buch

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. Acknowledgments ix
4. CHAPTER 1. Introduction 1
5. CHAPTER 2. Bee Phylogeny, Bee Diversity, and the Distinction between Solitary and Social Bees 6
6. CHAPTER 3. The Solitary Bee Life Cycle 37
7. CHAPTER 4. Alternative Male Mating Tactics: The Race to Be First and the Race to Be Last 70
8. CHAPTER 5. The Surprising Utility of Males 93
9. CHAPTER 6. Nest Architecture and Brood- Cell Construction 104
10. CHAPTER 7. The Tools of the Trade: Floral Rewards and How Bees Harvest Them 146
11. CHAPTER 8. Foraging and Provisioning Behavior 187
12. CHAPTER 9. The Microcosm of the Brood Cell: A Bestiary of In- Nest Mutualists 224
13. CHAPTER 10. Brood-Parasitic (Cuckoo) Bees 240
14. CHAPTER 11. Non-Bee Parasites and Predators 264
15. CHAPTER 12. Bees and Plants: Love Story, Arms Race, or Something in Between? 289
16. CHAPTER 13. Solitary Bees and Agricultural Pollination 318
17. CHAPTER 14. Threats to Solitary Bees and Their Biological Conservation 341
18. CHAPTER 15. Epilogue: The Scala Naturae 379
19. Literature Cited 385
20. Subject Index 443
21. Taxonomic Index 456