TANAGERS Thraupidae

Kapitel in diesem Buch

1. Frontmatter 1
2. Contents 7
3. Acknowledgments 8
4. Introduction 10
5. Abbreviations 27
6. Abbreviations 27
7. TINAMOUS Tinamidae 28
8. WHISTLING-DUCKS, GOOSE, AND DUCKS Anatidae 32
9. DUCKS Anatidae 34
10. GREBES Podicipedidae 38
11. CHACALACAS AND GUAN Cracidae 40
12. GUANS Cracidae 42
13. CURASSOW Cracidae 44
14. TURKEY Phasianidae 44
15. WOOD-PATRIDGE AND QUAIL Odontophoridae 46
16. WOOD-QUAIL Odontophoridae 48
17. QUAIL Odontophoridae 50
18. PIGEONS Columbidae 52
19. PIGEON AND DOVES Columbidae 56
20. DOVES Columbidae 58
21. QUAIL-DOVES Columbidae 62
22. CUCKOOS Cuculidae 66
23. CUCKOOS AND ANIS Cuculidae 68
24. CUCKOOS, GROUND-CUCKOOS, AND ROADRUNNER Cuculidae 70
25. NIGHTHAWKS Caprimulgidae 72
26. PAURAQUE AND NIGHTJARS Caprimulgidae 74
27. POORWILLS AND NIGHTJARS Caprimulgidae 76
28. NIGHTJARS Caprimulgidae 78
29. POTOOS Nyctibiidae 80
30. OILBIRD Steatornithidae 80
31. SWIFTS Apodidae 82
32. JACOBIN, SICKLEBILL, AND HERMITS Trochilidae 88
33. HERMITS AND LANCEBILL Trochilidae 90
34. VIOLETEARS, BRILLIANT, AND PUFFLEG Trochilidae 92
35. HUMMINGBIRDS, FAIRY, AND MANGOS Trochilidae 94
36. THORNTAIL, COQUETTES, AND HUMMINGBIRDS Trochilidae 96
37. STARTHROATS AND HUMMINGBIRDS Trochilidae 98
38. HUMMINGBIRDS Trochilidae 100
39. HUMMINGBIRDS, WOODSTARS, AND SHEARTAIL Trochilidae 102
40. HUMMINGBIRDS Trochilidae 104
41. EMERALDS, HUMMINGBIRD, AND SABREWINGS Trochilidae 106
42. SABREWING, PLUMELETEERS, AND WOODNYMPH Trochilidae 108
43. EMERALDS, SNOWCAP, AND HUMMINGBIRDS Trochilidae 110
44. HUMMINGBIRDS Trochilidae 112
45. GOLDENTAIL AND HUMMINGBIRDS Trochilidae 114
46. HUMMINGBIRDS Trochilidae 116
47. CRAKES AND RAIL Rallidae 120
48. RAILS Rallidae 122
49. WOOD-RAILS Rallidae 124
50. CRAKES AND RAIL Rallidae 126
51. GALLINULES AND COOT Rallidae 128
52. SUNGGREBE Heliornithidae 128
53. LIMPKIN Aramidae 130
54. SUNBITTERN Eurypygidae 130
55. JACANAS Jacanidae 130
56. THICK-KNEE Burhinidae 132
57. STILT AND AVOCET Recurvirostridae 132
58. OYSTERCATCHER Haematopodidae 134
59. LAPWING AND PLOVERS Charadriidae 134
60. PLOVERS Charadriidae 136
61. WHIMBREL, CURLEW, SANDPIPER, AND GODWITS Scolopacidae 138
62. SANDPIPER, YELLOWLEGS, AND WILLET Scolopacidae 140
63. SANDPIPER, TATTLER, TURNSTONE AND SURFBIRD Scolopacidae 142
64. SANDPIPERS Scolopacidae 144
65. SANDPIPERS, RUFF, AND SNIPE Scolopacidae 148
66. DOWITCHERS AND PHALAROPES Scolopacidae 150
67. JAEGERS AND SKUA Stercorariidae 152
68. GULLS Laridae 154
69. TERNS Laridae 162
70. TERNS AND SKIMMER Laridae 164
71. TERNS Laridae 166
72. ALBATROSS Diomedeidae 170
73. SHEARWATERS Procellariidae 172
74. STORM-PETRELS Hydrobatidae 176
75. TROPICBIRDS Phaethontidae 178
76. FRIGATEBIRDS Fregatidae 178
77. CORMORANTS Phalacrocoracidae 180
78. ANHINGA Anhingidae 180
79. BOOBIES Sulidae 182
80. PELICANS Pelecanidae 184
81. BITTERNS Ardeidae 186
82. TIGER-HERONS Ardeidae 188
83. EGRET AND HERONS Ardeidae 190
84. HERONS Ardeidae 194
85. IBISES Threskiornithidae 198
86. SPOONBILL Threskiornithidae 200
87. FLAMINGO Phoenicopteridae 200
88. JABIRU AND STORK Ciconiidae 200
89. VULTURES Cathartidae 202
90. OSPREY Pandionida 204
91. KITES Accipitridae 204
92. KITES AND HARRIES Accipitridae 208
93. KITES AND CRANE HAWK Accipitridae 210
94. HAWKS Accipitridae 212
95. BLACK HAWKS AND SOLITARY EAGLE Accipitridae 218
96. HAWKS Accipitridae 220
97. EAGLES Accipitridae 226
98. HAWK-EAGLES Accipitridae 228
99. BARN OWL Tytonidae 230
100. OWLS Strigidae 230
101. SCREECH-OWLS Strigidae 234
102. OWLS Strigidae 236
103. PYGMY-OWLS Strigidae 238
104. TROGONS Trogonidae 240
105. QUETZALS Trogonidae 246
106. KINGSFISHERS Alcedinidae 248
107. MOTMOTS Momotidae 250
108. JACAMARS Galbulidae 254
109. NUNLET AND PUFFBIRD Bucconidae 254
110. PUFFBIRDS AND MONKLET Bucconidae 256
111. NUNBIRD Bucconidae 258
112. BARBETS Capitonidae 258
113. BARBET Semnornithidae 258
114. TOUCANS AND ARACARIS Ramphastidae 260
115. TOUCANS Ramphastidae 262
116. PICULET AND WOODPECKERS Picidae 264
117. WOODPECKERS Picidae 266
118. FOREST-FALCONS Falconidae 276
119. LAUGHING FALCON AND CARACARAS Falconidae 278
120. FALCONS Falconidae 280
121. MACAWS Psittacidae 284
122. PARAKEETS Psittacidae 286
123. PARAKEETS AND PARROTLET Psittacidae 288
124. PARROTLETS AND PARROTS Psittacidae 290
125. PARROTS Psittacidae 292
126. ANTSHRIKES Thamnophilidae 296
127. ANTWRENS Thamnophilidae 300
128. ANTVIREOS AND ANTBIRDS Thamnophilidae 304
129. ANTBIRDS Thamnophilidae 306
130. BLACK-CROWNED ANTPITTA Conopophagidae 310
131. ANTTHRUSHES Formicariidae 310
132. ANTPITTAS Grallariidae 310
133. TAPACULOS Rhinocryptidae 312
134. WOODCREEPERS Furnariidae 314
135. SCYTHEBILLS AND WOODCREEPERS Furnariidae 320
136. TREERUNNERS, BARBTAIL, XENOPS, AND GRAYTAIL Furnariidae 322
137. SPINETAILS Furnariidae 324
138. FURNARIDS Furnariidae 326
139. FOLIAGE-GLEANERS Furnariidae 328
140. STREAMCREEPER AND LEAFTOSSERS Furnariidae 330
141. SAPAYOA Sapayoidae 332
142. SPADEBILLS, PIPRITES, AND TWISTWING Tyrannidae 332
143. FLATBIRDS AND FLYCATCHERS Tyrannidae 334
144. TODY-FLYCATCHERS, PYGMY-TYRANT, AND BENTBILLS Tyrannidae 336
145. PYGMY-TYRANTS AND FLYCATCHERS Tyrannidae 338
146. TYRANNULETS Tyrannidae 340
147. TYRANNULETS AND ELAENIAS Tyrannidae 344
148. ELAENIAS AND FLYCATCHER Tyrannidae 346
149. TYRANT, WATER-TYRANT, TYRANNULET, PHOEBE, AND FLYCATCHER Tyrannidae 348
150. FLYCATECHERS Tyrannidae 350
151. PEWEES Tyrannidae 354
152. PEWEES AND FLYCATECHERS Tyrannidae 356
153. FLYCATCHERS Tyrannidae 358
154. FLYCATCHERS AND KISKADEES Tyrannidae 364
155. CATTLE TYRANT AND KINGBIRDS Tyrannidae 366
156. KINGBIRDS AND FLYCATCHERS Tyrannidae 368
157. SIRYSTES AND FLYCATCHERS Tyrannidae 370
158. FLYCATCHERS Tyrannidae 372
159. ATTILA AND MOURNER Tyrannida 374
160. RUFOUS PIHA Cotingidae 374
161. MOURNER AND SCHIFFORNI Tityridae 374
162. BECARDS Tityridae 376
163. BECARDS AND TITYRAS Tityridae 378
164. SHARPBILL Oxyruncidae 380
165. COTINGAS Cotingidae 380
166. MANAKINS Pipridae 386
167. PEPPERSHRIKE AND SHRIKE-VIREOS Vireonidae 390
168. GREENLETS Vireonidae 392
169. VIREOS Vireonidae 394
170. JAYS Corvidae 400
171. JAYS AND RAVEN Corvidae 404
172. MARTINS Hirundinidae 406
173. SWALLOWS Hirundinidae 408
174. KINGLETS Regulidae, BUSHTIT Aegithalidae, CREEPER Certhiidae 414
175. WRENS Troglodytidae 414
176. GNATWRENS AND GNATCATCHERS Polioptilidae 428
177. DONACOBIUS Donacobidae 430
178. BLUEBIRD AND SOLITAIRES Turdidae 430
179. NIGHTINGALE-THRUSHES Turdidae 432
180. THRUSHES Turdidae 434
181. DIPPER Cinclidae 440
182. WAXWING Bombycillidae 440
183. SILKY-FLYCATCHERS Ptiliogonatidae 440
184. MOCKINGBIRS AND CATBIRDS Mimidae 442
185. PIPITS Motacillidae 442
186. CHLOROPHONIAS AND EUPHONIA Fringillidae 444
187. EUPHONIAS Fringillidae 446
188. SISKINS AND GOLDFINCH Fringillidae 450
189. GROSBEAK AND CROSSBILL Fringillidae 452
190. HOUSE SPARROW Passeridae 452
191. MUNIA Estrildidae 452
192. FINCHES AND TOWHEE Passerellidae 454
193. SPARROWS AND BRUSHFINCHES Passerellidae 456
194. SPARROW AND GROUND-SPARROWS Passerellidae 458
195. SPARROW AND JUNCOS Passerellidae 460
196. SPARROWS Passerellidae 462
197. CHLOROSPINGI Passerellidae 464
198. MEADOWLARK, BLACKBIRDS AND BOBOLINK Icteridae 466
199. CACIQUES Icteridae 468
200. OROPENDOLAS Icteridae 470
201. ORIOLES Icteridae 472
202. BLACKBIRD AND COWBIRDS Icteridae 478
203. BLACKBIRDS AND GRACKLES Icteridae 480
204. WARBLERS Parulidae 482
205. YELLOWTHROATS AND WARBLER Parulidae 494
206. WARBLERS Parulidae 496
207. WARBLERS, OVENBIRD, AND WATERHRUSHES Parulidae 500
208. WARBLERS Parulidae 502
209. DICKCOSSEL, CHATS, AND TANAGER Cardinalidae 506
210. TANGERS Cardinalidae 508
211. TANGERS AND ANT-TANGERS Cardinalidae 512
212. GROSBREAKS Cardinalidae 514
213. BUNTINGS AND GROSBEAK Cardinalidae 516
214. CARDINAL, GROSBEAKS, AND BUNTING Cardinalidae 518
215. SEEDEATER Cardinalidae 520
216. FINCHES AND FLOWERPIERCERS Thraupidae 520
217. FINCHES AND GRASSQUIT Thraupidae 522
218. SEEDEATERS Thraupidae 524
219. SEED-FINCHES AND GRASSQUIT Thraupidae 526
220. SALTATORS Thraupidae 528
221. BANANAQUIT, CONEBILL, AND DACNIS Thraupidae 530
222. TANAGER AND HONEYCREEPERS Thraupidae 532
223. TANAGERS Thraupidae 534
224. DUSKY-FACED TANAGER Mitrospingidae 546
225. Marginal, Dubious, and Hypothetical Species for Central America 548
226. Taxonomic Notes 550
227. Glossary 552
228. Bibliography 553
229. Index 570