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Decision-Makers in the Dock: How Trials, Human Rights Advocacy and International Law are Shaping the Justice Norm

  • Carrie Booth Walling
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 8. Dezember 2012
New Global Studies
Aus der Zeitschrift New Global Studies Band 6 Heft 3

Abstract

The mid-1980s marks the start of what has become a rapid shift towards new norms and practices of providing more accountability for human rights violations through the use of trials. This dramatic increase in human rights prosecutions is the direct result of the activism of the human rights movement. The increase in trials in turn has aided the development of international criminal law and has promoted the formal institutionalization of new accountability standards for international organizations. This article traces the emergence and diffusion of the justice norm. Then using two sets of case studies it examines how international law and human rights activism have interacted to create new opportunities for domestic prosecution in Argentina and the process through which the United Nations came to adopt formal standards on prosecutions and amnesties

KEYWORDS : human rights; transitional justice; trials; international norms; advocacy; Argentina; United Nations; criminal accountability; international law
I would like to thank Raymond Grew and Robert Donia for the invitation to participate in the Law and Human Rights in Global History Conference at the University of Michigan and all of the participants for their thoughtful and engaging comments on this work. I especially thank Steve Ratner and John Ciorciari for very helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper and David A. Reimann for his invaluable assistance analyzing the data. I thank Hun Joon Kim and Kathryn Sikkink for their permission to use the Human Rights Prosecutions data set for this analysis. Replication data can be found at: http://www.griffith.edu.au/professionalpage/ hun-joon-kim/human-rights-prosecution-database or http://www.polisci.umn.edu/people/ profile.php?UID=sikkink. I also thank Leigh A. Payne and Kathryn Sikkink for permission to use their Transitional Justice data set and Geoff Dancy and Megan Johnson for their assistance with the data. The Transitional Justice data set is funded by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 096122. Any opinions, conclusions and findings expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Replication data is available at: transitionaljusticedata.com. Part three of this article draws on work previously published in Kathryn Sikkink and Carrie Booth Walling “Argentina’s Contribution to Global Trends in Transitional Justice,” in Naomi Roht-Arriaza and Javier Mariezcurrena (eds.) Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth versus Justice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 301-324.
Published Online: 2012-12-08

© 2012 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co.

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Article
  2. NGOs and Development Reconsidered
  3. Editors' Forum: Law and Human Rights in Global History
  4. Prefatory Note
  5. International Law and Human Rights: Diverging and Converging Histories
  6. The History of Human Rights: The Big Bang of an Emerging Field or Flash in the Pan?
  7. Stigmas and Memory of Slavery in West Africa: Skin Color and Blood as Social Fracture Lines
  8. Counter-Elites Swimming Up-Stream: The Challenge of Pursuing a Political Rights Agenda where Economic Rights Trump
  9. Decision-Makers in the Dock: How Trials, Human Rights Advocacy and International Law are Shaping the Justice Norm
  10. Book Reviews
  11. Review of Jürgen Osterhammel, Die Verwandlung der Welt. Eine Geschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts
  12. Review of Noel Salazar's Envisioning Eden
https://doi.org/10.1515/1940-0004.1181
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
human rights; transitional justice; trials; international norms; advocacy; Argentina; United Nations; criminal accountability; international law

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Article
  2. NGOs and Development Reconsidered
  3. Editors' Forum: Law and Human Rights in Global History
  4. Prefatory Note
  5. International Law and Human Rights: Diverging and Converging Histories
  6. The History of Human Rights: The Big Bang of an Emerging Field or Flash in the Pan?
  7. Stigmas and Memory of Slavery in West Africa: Skin Color and Blood as Social Fracture Lines
  8. Counter-Elites Swimming Up-Stream: The Challenge of Pursuing a Political Rights Agenda where Economic Rights Trump
  9. Decision-Makers in the Dock: How Trials, Human Rights Advocacy and International Law are Shaping the Justice Norm
  10. Book Reviews
  11. Review of Jürgen Osterhammel, Die Verwandlung der Welt. Eine Geschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts
  12. Review of Noel Salazar's Envisioning Eden
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