Bias and confounding in studies of sperm counts

Artikel in diesem Heft

1. Executive Summary
2. Endocrine disrupters as environmental signallers: an introduction
3. Comparative physiology of the reproductive endocrine system in laboratory rodents and humans
4. Neurotransmitters and the control of hypophyseal gonadal functions: possible implications of endocrine disruptors
5. Comparative reproductive physiology of non-mammalian species
6. Principles of risk assessment
7. Environmental estrogens and male infertility
8. Bias and confounding in studies of sperm counts
9. Breast cancer: evidence for xenoestrogen involvement in altering its incidence and risk
10. Structure/activity relationships
11. Issues associated with the validation of in vitro and in vivo methods for assessing endocrine disrupting chemicals
12. Metabolism and fate of xenoestrogens in man
13. Naturally occurring oestrogens in food
14. Dietary phyto-oestrogens and cancer
15. Observations of endocrine effects in wildlife with evidence of their causation
16. Oestrogenic effects in fish in English rivers with evidence of their causation
17. Review of suggested testing methods for endocrine-disrupting chemicals
18. Environmental exposure, species differences and risk assessment
19. Estrogenic potency of nonylphenol in vivo - a case study to evaluate the relevance of human non-occupational exposure
20. Clover phytoestrogens in sheep in Western Australia
21. Conclusions and Recommendations