Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. Preface xiii
4. Part One: Public Lands in the Formative Era, 1776–1789
5. 1. The Nation’s Founding and the Public Lands 3
6. 2. Public Lands and the Ordinances of 1784, 1785, and 1787 14
7. 3. The U.S. Constitution and the Public Lands 21
8. Part Two: The Public Lands and Nation Building, 1790–1861
9. 4. Admitting New States and Acquiring New Territory 31
10. 5. Exploration, Science, and the Appreciation of Nature 41
11. 6. Divesting Public Lands to Build a 49
12. 7. Reservations and Acquisitions of Public Lands 62
13. 8. Public Land Policy in Confusion in the Period Before the Civil War 73
14. Part Three: Plunder and Backlash Feed a Movement for Reserves, 1862–1889
15. 9. New Divestment Policies Sow Seeds of a Backlash 85
16. 10. More Giveaways Sow More Seeds of Discontent 92
17. 11. Protecting Public Lands for Inspiration: Yosemite and Yellowstone 100
18. 12. Pillaging Public Lands for Wood, Grass, and Minerals 112
19. 13. Efforts Launched to Protect Public Forest Land 123
20. 14. Moving Beyond “Paper Parks” 130
21. 15. Wildlife Protection Enters the Policy Universe 137
22. 16. The Campaign for Forest Reservations Gains Momentum 146
23. 17. Congress Closes In on Major Reforms 153
24. Part Four: The Great Transition, Phase One, 1890–1901
25. 18. Congress Guts Powell’s Irrigation Survey and Establishes New National Parks 163
26. 19. Congress Gives the President Broad Authority to Reserve Public Lands 170
27. 20. The First Forest Reserves 177
28. 21. The General Land Office Struggles and Cleveland Spurs Congress into Action 185
29. 22. An Organic Act for the Forest Reserves 192
30. 23. Parks, Forests, and Public Land Policy in the McKinley Administration 200
31. 24. National Authority over Public Lands Expanded and Confirmed 208
32. Part Five: The Great Transition, Phase Two, 1902–1913
33. 25. Theodore Roosevelt, Public Lands, and the Reclamation Act 217
34. 26. Forest Reserves Expand in Roosevelt’s First Term 227
35. 27. The Forest Service Takes Control of the Forest Reserves 234
36. 28. Roosevelt and Congress Use Public Lands to Protect Wildlife Habitat 245
37. 29. Public Lands, Science, and History: The Antiquities Act 253
38. 30. Roosevelt and National Parks 263
39. 31. Making New Forest Reserves: Congress Challenges the President 269
40. 32. Roosevelt, Public Lands, and Energy Development 279
41. 33. Public Lands in the Handoff from Roosevelt to Taft 289
42. 34. Taft’s Undervalued Record on Public Land Conservation 297
43. 35. National Forests Become National with Enactment of the Weeks Act 306
44. 36. Public Lands at the End of the Age of Theodore Roosevelt 315
45. Part Six: Public Land Policy Between the Roosevelts, 1913–1933
46. 37. National Parks Take Center Stage 323
47. 38. The National Park System’s Early Ye 332
48. 39. The National Forest System Matures and Evolves 342
49. 40. The Forest and Park Services Compete and Cooperate 348
50. 41. Ranchers, Homesteaders, and Energy Developers Compete for Primacy 356
51. 42. The End of the Progressive Era 365
52. 43. Debating the Future of Unreserved Public Lands 370
53. 44. Wildlife Protection Gains Prominence 382
54. 45. Public Lands and Multipurpose Water Development 389
55. Part Seven: Filling in the Gaps in Public Land Policy, 1933–1960
56. 46. The Taylor Grazing Act 397
57. 47. National Parks in the New Deal 409
58. 48. A System of Wildlife Refuges Begins to Emerge 421
59. 49. Other New Deal Public Land Policies 428
60. 50. Grazing and Logging the Public Lands in the Postwar Era 437
61. 51. Mineral Policy Developments Onshore and Offshore 450
62. Part Eight: Public Lands in Modern Times, 1961–Present
63. 52. The Wilderness Act Reshapes Public Land Policy 461
64. 53. New Labels and New Means of Protecting Public Values in Public Lands 477
65. 54. Making the Modern Bureau of Land Management 490
66. 55. Making the Modern Forest Service 503
67. 56. Charting the Future of Public Lands in Alaska 513
68. 57. Making the Modern U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 528
69. 58. Making the Modern National Park Service 540
70. 59. Mineral and Energy Development in the Modern Era 552
71. 60. Public Lands and Native Americans in the Modern Era 563
72. 61. The Politics of Public Lands in the Modern Era: Change or Continuity? 575
73. 62. Public Lands Today 585
74. 63. Public Lands and the Future 596
75. Notes 603
76. Bibliography 675
77. Index 689