Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. Preface ix
4. Part One. Introduction
5. Chapter 1. Modernity in Question 3
6. Part Two. Modernity
7. Chapter 2. Machiavelli’s Mandragola and the Protean Self 27
8. Chapter 3. The Exemplary Life of René Descartes 46
9. Chapter 4. Was Hobbes a Christian? 67
10. Chapter 5. What Kind of Jew Was Spinoza? 88
11. Chapter 6. Benjamin Franklin’s American Enlightenment 109
12. Chapter 7. Kant’s Liberal Internationalism 131
13. Chapter 8. Hegel and the “Bourgeois- Christian World” 154
14. Part Three. Our Discontents
15. Chapter 9. Rousseau’s Counter- Enlightenment: Letter to d’Alembert on the Theater 175
16. Chapter 10. Tocqueville’s America 197
17. Chapter 11. Flaubert and the Aesthetics of the Antibourgeois 223
18. Chapter 12. The Apocalyptic Imagination: Nietz sche, Sorel, Schmitt 243
19. Chapter 13. The Tragic Liberalism of Isaiah Berlin 267
20. Chapter 14. Leo Strauss on Philosophy as a Way of Life 290
21. Chapter 15. The Political Teaching of Lampedusa’s The Leopard 313
22. Chapter 16. Mr. Sammler’s Redemption 330
23. Part Four. Conclusion
24. Chapter 17. Modernity and Its Doubles 347
25. Notes 353
26. Index 385