Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. Acknowledgments ix
4. Maps xi
5. Prologue 1
6. 1. Architects of Penal Reformation in the Late Qing Empire and Early Republic of China, 1900–1920 6
7. 2. Two Guides to Reform: Prison Instructors in Jiangsu and Beijing 84
8. 4. Reformation for Salvation: The Buddhist Movement in the Jails and Prisons of 1920s Zhejiang and Jiangsu 123
9. 5. A Mechanism for All Offenses: The Nationalist Expansion of the Reformation Regime, 1927–1937 161
10. 6. The Indispensable Regime: Thought Reform in Wartime, 1937–1945 214
11. 7. Revolutionary Thought Reform: The Communist Version, 1946–1956 255
12. Conclusion 297
13. Selected Glossary of Chinese Terms 311
14. List of Abbreviations in the Notes 315
15. Notes 323
16. Index 383