2. THE TANZIMAT

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. CONTENTS vii
3. MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS ix
4. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi
5. NOTE ON USAGE xiii
6. INTRODUCTION: TURKEY, ISLAM, NATIONALISM, AND MODERNITY 1
7. 1. THE RETURN TOWARD CENTRALIZATION 23
8. 2. THE TANZIMAT 76
9. 3. THE REIGN OF ABDÜLHAMID 133
10. 4. IMPERIAL DEMISE, NATIONAL STRUGGLE 192
11. 5. THE EARLY REPUBLIC 247
12. 6. TURKEY’S WIDENING POLITICAL SPECTRUM 305
13. 7. TURKEY AND THE WORLD 350
14. CONCLUSION: REFLECTING ON THE PRESENT AND THE PAST 405
15. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 423
16. NOTES 425
17. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PUBLISHED SOURCES 457
18. INDEX 489