Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents v
3. Preface ix
4. Introduction 1
5. PART I. Marxism and Leninism
6. 1. Marx and the Movement of History 17
7. 2. Fate and Will in the Marxian Vision 34
8. 3. Lenin as a Russian Revolutionary 42
9. 4. The Bolsheviks and the Intelligentsia 52
10. 5. Lenin’s Vision The State and Revolution 59
11. PART II. The Bolshevik Revolution
12. 6. Russia and Revolution 71
13. 7. Revolution from the Inside Trotsky’s Conception of the Process 83
14. 8. The Bolshevik Gamble 93
15. 9. Left Communism in the Revolutionary Era 105
16. 10. Russian Revolutionary Extremism 117
17. 11. The Militarization of Socialism in Russia 127
18. 12. Bureaucratic Advance and Social Lag in the Revolution 140
19. PART III. The Left Opposition between Lenin and Stalin
20. 13. Socialist Alternatives in the Crisis of 1921 157
21. 14. The Left Opposition and the Evolution of the Communist Regime 167
22. 15. Trotsky on Democracy and Bureaucracy 180
23. 16. The Left Opposition as an Alternative to Stalinism 189
24. PART IV. Stalinism
25. 17. Foundations of Stalinism 199
26. 18. Stalinism as Postrevolutionary Dictatorship 210
27. 19. From Distributive Socialism to Production Socialism 221
28. 20. Stalin’s Cultural Counterrevolution 227
29. 21. Stalinism and Russian Political Culture 244
30. 22. Stalinist Ideology as False Consciousness 254
31. 23. Was Stalin Really a Communist? 266
32. PART V. Reform versus Bureaucracy, from Khrushchev to Brezhnev
33. 24. Khrushchev and the Party Apparatus 275
34. 25. Khrushchev and the Intelligentsia 284
35. 26. The Fall of Khrushchev and the Advent of Participatory Bureaucracy 295
36. 27. The Central Committee as a Bureaucratic Elite 307
37. PART VI. Gorbachev and the End of the Communist System
38. 28. The Generational Revolution 319
39. 29. Reform and the Intelligentsia 339
40. 30. Gorbachev’s Opportunity 356
41. 31. Gorbachev and the Reversal of History 361
42. 32. Soviet Federalism and the Breakup of the USSR 372
43. PART VII. After the Fall
44. 33. The Revolutionary Process and the Moderate Revolutionary Revival 383
45. 34. The Communist Oppositions and Post-Stalinist Reform 390
46. 35. Past and Present 400
47. 36. The Grand Surprise and Soviet Studies 410
48. Notes 419
49. Index 465