Home Linguistics & Semiotics Imitation and the Emergence of Segments
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Imitation and the Emergence of Segments

  • Michael Studdert-Kennedy
Published/Copyright: August 22, 2000

Abstract

The paper argues that the discrete phonetic segments on which language is raised are subjective gestural structures that emerge ontogenetically (and perhaps emerged evolutionarily) from the process of imitating a quasi-continuous acoustic signal with a neuroanatomically segmented and somatotopically organized vocal machinery. Evidence cited for somatotopic organization includes the perceptual salience in the speech signal of information specifying place of articulation, as revealed both by sine wave speech and by the pattern of errors in children’s early words.Copyright © 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel‘Almost every insight gained by modern linguistics, from Grimm’s Law to Jakobson’s distinctive features, depends crucially on the assumption that speech is a sequence of discrete entities.’Morris Halle [1964, p. 325]


verified


References

1 Abler, W.L.: On the particulate principle of self-diversifying systems. J. soc. Biol. Struct. 12: 1–13 (1989).10.1016/0140-1750(89)90015-8Search in Google Scholar

2 Brothers, L.; Ring, B.; Kling, A.: Response of neurons in the macaque amygdala to complex social stimuli. Behav. Brain Res. 41: 199–213 (1990).10.1016/0166-4328(90)90108-QSearch in Google Scholar

3 Browman, C.P.; Goldstein, L.: Articulatory phonology: an overview. Phonetica 49: 155–180 (1992).10.1159/000261913Search in Google Scholar

4 Carré, R.; Chennoukh, S.: Vowel-consonant-vowel modeling by superposition of consonant closure on vowel-to-vowel gestures. J. Phonet. 23: 231–241 (1995).10.1016/S0095-4470(95)80045-XSearch in Google Scholar

5 Chadwick, J.: The decipherment of Linear B (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1958).Search in Google Scholar

6 Chomsky, N.: Aspects of the theory of syntax (MIT Press, Cambridge 1965).10.21236/AD0616323Search in Google Scholar

7 Coe, M.: Breaking the Maya code (Thames and Hudson, New York 1992).Search in Google Scholar

8 Cole, R.A.; Rudnicky, A.I.; Zue, V.M.; Reddy, D.R.: Speech as patterns on paper; in Cole, Perception and production of fluent speech, pp. 3–50 (Erlbaum, Hillsdale 1980).Search in Google Scholar

9 Cossu, G.; Urbinati, M.L.; Marshall, J.C.: Reading without speech and writing without arm movements. 5th Eur. Workshop on Cognitive Neuropsychol., Bressanone 1987.Search in Google Scholar

10 Evans, E.F.: Representation of complex sounds at cochlear nerve and cochlear nucleus levels; in Carlson, Granström, The representation of speech in the peripheral auditory system, pp. 27–42 (Elsevier, Amsterdam 1982).Search in Google Scholar

11 Faber, A.: Phonemic segmentation as epiphenomenon: evidence from the history of alphabetic writing; in Downing, Lima, Noonan, The linguistics of literacy, pp. 111–134 (J. Benjamins, Philadelphia 1992).10.1075/tsl.21.11fabSearch in Google Scholar

12 Fant, C.G.M.: Descriptive analysis of the acoustic aspects of speech. Logos 5: 3–17 (1962).Search in Google Scholar

13 Ferguson, C.A.; Farwell, C.B.: Words and Sounds in early language acquisition. Language 15: 419–439 (1975).10.2307/412864Search in Google Scholar

14 Fowler, C.A.: An event approach to the study of speech perception from a direct-realist perspective. J. Phonet. 14: 3–28 (1986).10.1016/S0095-4470(19)30607-2Search in Google Scholar

15 Fowler, C.A.; Smith, M.R.: Speech perception as ‘vector analysis’: an approach to the problems of invariance and segmentation; in Perkell, Klatt, Invariance and variability in speech processes, pp. 123–139 (Erlbaum, Hillsdale 1986).Search in Google Scholar

16 Halle, M.: On the bases of phonology; In Fodor, Katz, The structure of language, pp. 324–333 (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs 1964).Search in Google Scholar

17 Hauser, M.D.: The evolution of communication (MIT Press, Cambridge 1996).Search in Google Scholar

18 Humboldt, W. von: Linguistic variability and intellectual development; translated by G.C. Buck and F.A. Raven (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia 1836/1972).Search in Google Scholar

19 Johnson, K.: Speech perception without speaker normalization: an exemplar model; in Johnson, Mullenix, Talker variability in speech processing, pp. 145–165 (Academic Press, New York 1997).Search in Google Scholar

20 Kluender, K.R.; Diehl, R.; Killeen, P.: Japanese quail can learn phonetic categories. Science 237: 1195–1197 (1987).10.1126/science.3629235Search in Google Scholar

21 Kuhn, G.M.: On the front cavity resonance and its possible role in speech perception. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 58: 428–433 (1975).10.1121/1.380687Search in Google Scholar

22 Liberman, A.M.; Cooper, F.S.; Shankweiler, D.P.; Studdert-Kennedy, M.: Perception of the speech code. Psychol. Rev. 74: 431–461 (1967).10.1037/h0020279Search in Google Scholar

23 Liberman, A.M.; Mattingly, I.G.: The motor theory of speech perception revised. Cognition 21: 1–36 (1985).10.1016/0010-0277(85)90021-6Search in Google Scholar

24 Liljencrants, J.; Lindblom, B.: Numerical simulation of vowel quality systems: the role of perceptual contrast. Language 48: 829–862 (1972).10.2307/411991Search in Google Scholar

25 Lindblom, B.: Phonetic universals in vowel systems; in Ohala, Jaeger, Experimental phonology, pp. 13–44 (Academic Press, New York 1986).Search in Google Scholar

26 Lindblom, B.: Phonological units as adaptive emergents of lexical development; in Ferguson, Menn, Stoel-Gammon, Phonological development: models, research, implications, pp. 131–163 (York Press, Timonium 1992).Search in Google Scholar

27 Lindblom, B.: Systemic constraints and adaptive change in the formation of sound structure; in Hurford, Studdert-Kennedy, Knight, Approaches to the evolution of language, pp. 242–264 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998).Search in Google Scholar

28 Lindblom, B.: MacNeilage, P.I.; Studdert-Kennedy, M.: Self-organizing processes and the explanation of phonological universals; in Butterworth, Comrie, Dahl, Explanations for language universals, pp. 181–203 (Mouton, New York 1984).10.1515/ling.1983.21.1.181Search in Google Scholar

29 Liu, S.A.: Landmark detection for distinctive feature-based recognition. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 100: 3417–3430 (1996).10.1121/1.416983Search in Google Scholar

30 MacNeilage, P.F.: Serial-ordering errors in speech and typing; in Fromkin, Phonetic linguistics, pp. 193–201 (Academic Press, New York 1985).Search in Google Scholar

31 Mattingly, I.G.: The global character of phonetic gestures. J. Phonet. 18: 445–452 (1991).10.1016/S0095-4470(19)30372-9Search in Google Scholar

32 Mayr, E.: The growth of biological thought (Belknap Press of Harward University, Cambridge 1982).Search in Google Scholar

33 Meltzoff, A.N.; Moore, M.K.: Explaining facial imitation: a theoretical model. Early Dev. Parenting 6: 179&ndash;192 (1997).10.1002/(SICI)1099-0917(199709/12)6:3/4<179::AID-EDP157>3.0.CO;2-RSearch in Google Scholar

34 Miller, G.A.; Nicely, P.E.: An analysis of perceptual confusions among some English consonants. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 27: 338&ndash;352 (1955).10.1121/1.1907526Search in Google Scholar

35 Mowrey, R.A.; Mackay, I.R.A.: Phonological primitives: electromyographic speech error evidence. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 88: 1299&ndash;1312 (1990).10.1121/1.399706Search in Google Scholar

36 Remez, R.E.; Rubin, P.E.; Berns, S.M.; Pardo, J.S.; Lang, J.R.: On the perceptual organization of speech. Psychol. Rev. 101: 129&ndash;156 (1994).10.1037/0033-295X.101.1.129Search in Google Scholar

37 Rizzolatti, G.; Arbib, M.A.: Language within our grasp. Trends Neurosci. 21: 188&ndash;194 (1998).10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01260-0Search in Google Scholar

38 Rizzolatti, G.; Fadiga, L.; Gallese, V.; Fogassi, L.: Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Cognitive Brain Res. 3: 131&ndash;141 (1996)10.1016/0926-6410(95)00038-0Search in Google Scholar

39 .Schroeder, M.R.; Atal, B.S.; Hall, J.L.: Objective measures of certain speech signal degradations based on masking properties of human auditory perception; in Lindblom, &Ouml;hman, Frontiers of speech communication research, pp. 217&ndash;229 (Academic Press, London 1979).Search in Google Scholar

40 Stevens, K.N.: Evidence for the role of acoustic boundaries in the perception of speech sounds; in Fromkin, Phonetic linguistics, pp. 243&ndash;255 (Academic Press, New York 1985).Search in Google Scholar

41 Studdert-Kennedy, M.: The phoneme as a perceptuomotor structure; in Allport, MacKay, Prinz, Scheerer, Language perception and production, pp. 67&ndash;84 (Academic Press, London 1987).Search in Google Scholar

42 Studdert-Kennedy, M.: Language development from an evolutionary perspective; in Krasnegor, Rumbaugh, Schiefelbusch, Studdert-Kennedy, Biological and behavioral determinants of language development, pp. 5&ndash;28 (Erlbaum, Hillsdale 1991).Search in Google Scholar

43 xStuddert-Kennedy, M.: The particulate origins of language generativity: from syllable to gesture; in Hurford, Studdert-Kennedy, Knight, Approaches to the evolution of language, pp. 202&ndash;221 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998).Search in Google Scholar

44 Studdert-Kennedy, M.: Evolutionary implications of the particulate principle: imitation and the dissociation of phonetic form from semantic function; in Knight, Studdert-Kennedy, Hurford, The emergence of language: social function and the origins of linguistic form, pp. 161&ndash;176 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2000).10.1017/CBO9780511606441.011Search in Google Scholar

45 Studdert-Kennedy, M.; Goodell, E.W.: Gestures, features and segments in early child speech; in deGelder, Morais, Speech and reading, pp. 65&ndash;88 (Erlbaum, Taylor &amp; Francis, Hove 1995).10.4324/9781315111810-5Search in Google Scholar

46 Traunm&uuml;ller, H.J.: Conventional, biological and environmental factors in speech communication: a modulation theory. Phonetica 51: 170&ndash;183 (1994).10.1159/000261968Search in Google Scholar

47 Vihman, M.M.: Ontogeny of phonetic gestures; in Mattingly, Studdert-Kennedy, Modularity and the motor theory of speech perception, pp. 9&ndash;84 (Erlbaum, Hillsdale 1991).Search in Google Scholar

48 Vihman, M.M.: Phonological development (Blackwell, Oxford 1996).Search in Google Scholar

49 Vihman, M.M.; DePaolis, R.A.: The role of mimesis in infant language development: evidence for phylogeny?; in Knight, Studdert-Kennedy, Hurford, The emergence of language: social function and the origins of linguistic form (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2000).10.1017/CBO9780511606441.009Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2000-08-22
Published in Print: 2000-12-01

© 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Special Section
  2. Title Page
  3. Foreword
  4. Acoustic Patterning of Speech Its Linguistic and Physiological Bases
  5. Investigating Unscripted Speech: Implications for Phonetics and Phonology
  6. Emotive Transforms
  7. The Source-Filter Frame of Prominence
  8. The C/D Model and Prosodic Control of Articulatory Behavior
  9. Diverse Acoustic Cues at Consonantal Landmarks
  10. Perceptual Processing
  11. Modeling and Perception of ‘Gesture Reduction’
  12. General Auditory Processes Contribute to Perceptual Accommodation of Coarticulation
  13. Adaptive Dispersion in Vowel Perception
  14. Language Acquisition as Complex Category Formation
  15. Biology of Communication and Motor Processes
  16. Singing Birds, Playing Cats, and Babbling Babies: Why Do They Do It?
  17. The Phonetic Potential of Nonhuman Vocal Tracts: Comparative Cineradiographic Observations of Vocalizing Animals
  18. Dynamic Simulation of Human Movement Using Large-Scale Models of the Body
  19. En Route to Adult Spoken Language / Language Development
  20. An Embodiment Perspective on the Acquisition of Speech Perception
  21. Speech to Infants as Hyperspeech: Knowledge-Driven Processes in Early Word Recognition
  22. The Construction of a First Phonology
  23. Auditory Constraints on Sound Structures
  24. Searching for an Auditory Description of Vowel Categories
  25. Commentary
  26. Imitation and the Emergence of Segments
  27. Deriving Speech from Nonspeech: A View from Ontogeny
  28. Paper
  29. Developmental Origins of Adult Phonology: The Interplay between Phonetic Emergents and the Evolutionary Adaptations of Sound Patterns
  30. Further Section
  31. Publications Björn Lindblom
  32. Index autorum Vol. 57, 2000
  33. Contents Vol. 57, 2000
Downloaded on 30.12.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1159/000028480/html
Scroll to top button