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Chapter 3. The essive in Estonian

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Abstract

This chapter presents an empirical study of the distribution of the essive marker in Standard Estonian and Estonian dialects. The use of the essive has changed considerably in Estonian: it almost vanished from North Estonian but was revived in the 19th century. In South Estonian, the essive ending has merged with that of the inessive. The description of the properties of the essive marker follows the questionnaire of the Uralic essive. The domains involved are non-verbal main predication, secondary predication, complementation, and manner, temporal, and circumstantial adverbial phrases. The study specifically investigates the opposition between permanent and impermanent state in non-verbal predications. The use of the marker in the essive sense is contrasted with that of the translative and also to other means of marking non-permanent state.

Abstract

This chapter presents an empirical study of the distribution of the essive marker in Standard Estonian and Estonian dialects. The use of the essive has changed considerably in Estonian: it almost vanished from North Estonian but was revived in the 19th century. In South Estonian, the essive ending has merged with that of the inessive. The description of the properties of the essive marker follows the questionnaire of the Uralic essive. The domains involved are non-verbal main predication, secondary predication, complementation, and manner, temporal, and circumstantial adverbial phrases. The study specifically investigates the opposition between permanent and impermanent state in non-verbal predications. The use of the marker in the essive sense is contrasted with that of the translative and also to other means of marking non-permanent state.

Chapters in this book

  1. Prelim pages i
  2. Table of contents v
  3. Abbreviations xvii
  4. Preface xix
  5. Chapter 1. Discovering the assignment 1
  6. Chapter 2. The essive in Finnish 29
  7. Chapter 3. The essive in Estonian 57
  8. Chapter 4. The essive in Votic 91
  9. Chapter 5. The essive in Ingrian 113
  10. Chapter 6. The essive in Veps 131
  11. Chapter 7. The essive in Karelian 161
  12. Chapter 8. The essive in South Saami 185
  13. Chapter 9. The essive in North Saami 217
  14. Chapter 10. The essive in Skolt Saami 243
  15. Chapter 11. The Mari essive and its functional counterparts 261
  16. Chapter 12. The Komi answer to the essive question 283
  17. Chapter 13. The Udmurt essive and its functional counterparts 309
  18. Chapter 14. The essives in Hungarian 325
  19. Chapter 15. The ‘essive’ in Eastern Khanty 353
  20. Chapter 16. The essive-translative in Mansi 379
  21. Chapter 17. The essive-translative in Tundra Nenets 397
  22. Chapter 18. The essive-translative in the Enets languages 427
  23. Chapter 19. The essive-translative in Nganasan 461
  24. Chapter 20. The essive-translative in Selkup and Kamas 479
  25. Chapter 21. The typology of the essive in the Uralic Languages 497
  26. Appendix 1. Essive – typological questionnaire (January 2017) 551
Uralic Essive and the Expression of Impermanent State
This chapter is in the book Uralic Essive and the Expression of Impermanent State
https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.119.03met

Chapters in this book

  1. Prelim pages i
  2. Table of contents v
  3. Abbreviations xvii
  4. Preface xix
  5. Chapter 1. Discovering the assignment 1
  6. Chapter 2. The essive in Finnish 29
  7. Chapter 3. The essive in Estonian 57
  8. Chapter 4. The essive in Votic 91
  9. Chapter 5. The essive in Ingrian 113
  10. Chapter 6. The essive in Veps 131
  11. Chapter 7. The essive in Karelian 161
  12. Chapter 8. The essive in South Saami 185
  13. Chapter 9. The essive in North Saami 217
  14. Chapter 10. The essive in Skolt Saami 243
  15. Chapter 11. The Mari essive and its functional counterparts 261
  16. Chapter 12. The Komi answer to the essive question 283
  17. Chapter 13. The Udmurt essive and its functional counterparts 309
  18. Chapter 14. The essives in Hungarian 325
  19. Chapter 15. The ‘essive’ in Eastern Khanty 353
  20. Chapter 16. The essive-translative in Mansi 379
  21. Chapter 17. The essive-translative in Tundra Nenets 397
  22. Chapter 18. The essive-translative in the Enets languages 427
  23. Chapter 19. The essive-translative in Nganasan 461
  24. Chapter 20. The essive-translative in Selkup and Kamas 479
  25. Chapter 21. The typology of the essive in the Uralic Languages 497
  26. Appendix 1. Essive – typological questionnaire (January 2017) 551
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