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Temperature terms in Modern Eastern Armenian

  • Michael A. Daniel and Viktoria Khurshudian
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The Linguistics of Temperature
This chapter is in the book The Linguistics of Temperature

Abstract

This paper discusses the lexical expression of temperature concepts in Eastern Armenian within the general framework of the lexical typology of temperature terms. Eastern Armenian displays adjective-like tactile, noun-like ambient and verb-like personal temperature expressions. These part-of-speech preferences also have some less visible correlates in derivational morphology. Although lexical diversity is greater in the domain of hot temperatures, with its variety of non-derived nouns and adjectives and a special class of fire temperatures forming a separate kind of temperature additional to the ambient, tactile and personal kinds, corpus statistics show that Armenian has a clearly triangular system with only one salient term for tactile and ambient domains, referring to both hot and warm temperatures, while the cold domain is divided between more or less dedicated and almost equally frequent tactile and ambient terms. Finally, a brief look at the etymologies reveals that there are very few terms that can be securely traced back to proto-Indo-European. New terms, often of unknown origins, have entered the arena, and the former basic ‘hot’ term has now been ousted to the metaphorical domain by a new term of unknown descent.

Abstract

This paper discusses the lexical expression of temperature concepts in Eastern Armenian within the general framework of the lexical typology of temperature terms. Eastern Armenian displays adjective-like tactile, noun-like ambient and verb-like personal temperature expressions. These part-of-speech preferences also have some less visible correlates in derivational morphology. Although lexical diversity is greater in the domain of hot temperatures, with its variety of non-derived nouns and adjectives and a special class of fire temperatures forming a separate kind of temperature additional to the ambient, tactile and personal kinds, corpus statistics show that Armenian has a clearly triangular system with only one salient term for tactile and ambient domains, referring to both hot and warm temperatures, while the cold domain is divided between more or less dedicated and almost equally frequent tactile and ambient terms. Finally, a brief look at the etymologies reveals that there are very few terms that can be securely traced back to proto-Indo-European. New terms, often of unknown origins, have entered the arena, and the former basic ‘hot’ term has now been ousted to the metaphorical domain by a new term of unknown descent.

Chapters in this book

  1. Prelim pages i
  2. Table of contents v
  3. List of Maps viii
  4. Acknowledgements x
  5. Introducing “The linguistics of temperature” 1
  6. PART 1. Africa
  7. “Hard sun, hot weather, skin pain” 43
  8. The semantics and metaphorical extensions of temperature terms in Gurenɛ 73
  9. Unravelling temperature terms in Sɛlɛɛ 107
  10. Lexicalisation of temperature concepts in Gbaya (an Ubanguian language of C.A.R.) 128
  11. Climate, temperature and polysemous patterns in French and Wolof 151
  12. Temperature terms in selected African languages 187
  13. PART 2. Eurasia
  14. Adjectives of temperature in Latvian 216
  15. What’s hot and what’s not in English and Serbian 254
  16. In the warmth of the Ukrainian temperature domain 300
  17. Asymmetries in Italian temperature terminology 333
  18. Temperature terms in Modern Greek 354
  19. Temperature terms in Modern Eastern Armenian 392
  20. Facts, feelings and temperature expressions in the Hindukush 440
  21. Blowing hot, hotter, and hotter yet 471
  22. Temperature adjectives in Finnish 491
  23. Temperature terms in Nganasan 537
  24. Temperature terms in Khalkha Mongolian 570
  25. Temperature terms in Lao, Southern Zhuang, Southern Pinghua and Cantonese 594
  26. Subdomains of temperature concepts in Japanese 639
  27. Why is it not cool? Temperature terms in Indonesian 666
  28. PART 3. The Americas
  29. Temperature domain in West Greenlandic 703
  30. “There is no thermostat in the forest” – the Ojibwe temperature term system 721
  31. Temperature terms and their meaning in Yucatec Maya (Mexico) 742
  32. Temperature terms in Mapudungun 776
  33. Temperature terms in Hup, a Nadahup language of Amazonia 792
  34. PART 4. Australia and Oceania
  35. Bardi temperature terms 815
  36. Temperature terms in northern Vanuatu 832
  37. Temperature terms in Kamang and Abui, two Papuan languages of Alor 858
  38. PART 5. Typology
  39. The syntax of temperature predications 889
  40. Subject Index 917
  41. Language Index 929
  42. Name Index 931
https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.107.13dan

Chapters in this book

  1. Prelim pages i
  2. Table of contents v
  3. List of Maps viii
  4. Acknowledgements x
  5. Introducing “The linguistics of temperature” 1
  6. PART 1. Africa
  7. “Hard sun, hot weather, skin pain” 43
  8. The semantics and metaphorical extensions of temperature terms in Gurenɛ 73
  9. Unravelling temperature terms in Sɛlɛɛ 107
  10. Lexicalisation of temperature concepts in Gbaya (an Ubanguian language of C.A.R.) 128
  11. Climate, temperature and polysemous patterns in French and Wolof 151
  12. Temperature terms in selected African languages 187
  13. PART 2. Eurasia
  14. Adjectives of temperature in Latvian 216
  15. What’s hot and what’s not in English and Serbian 254
  16. In the warmth of the Ukrainian temperature domain 300
  17. Asymmetries in Italian temperature terminology 333
  18. Temperature terms in Modern Greek 354
  19. Temperature terms in Modern Eastern Armenian 392
  20. Facts, feelings and temperature expressions in the Hindukush 440
  21. Blowing hot, hotter, and hotter yet 471
  22. Temperature adjectives in Finnish 491
  23. Temperature terms in Nganasan 537
  24. Temperature terms in Khalkha Mongolian 570
  25. Temperature terms in Lao, Southern Zhuang, Southern Pinghua and Cantonese 594
  26. Subdomains of temperature concepts in Japanese 639
  27. Why is it not cool? Temperature terms in Indonesian 666
  28. PART 3. The Americas
  29. Temperature domain in West Greenlandic 703
  30. “There is no thermostat in the forest” – the Ojibwe temperature term system 721
  31. Temperature terms and their meaning in Yucatec Maya (Mexico) 742
  32. Temperature terms in Mapudungun 776
  33. Temperature terms in Hup, a Nadahup language of Amazonia 792
  34. PART 4. Australia and Oceania
  35. Bardi temperature terms 815
  36. Temperature terms in northern Vanuatu 832
  37. Temperature terms in Kamang and Abui, two Papuan languages of Alor 858
  38. PART 5. Typology
  39. The syntax of temperature predications 889
  40. Subject Index 917
  41. Language Index 929
  42. Name Index 931
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