Chapters in this book

1. Prelim pages i
2. Table of contents v
3. Acknowledgments vii
4. Series editors preface ix
5. Chapter 1. Overview of research to enhance score interpretation 1
6. Part I. Vertical linking research for suites of language tests
7. Chapter 2. Considerations in developing vertical scales for language tests 14
8. Chapter 3. Assessment design issues in developing vertical scales for language tests 35
9. Chapter 4. Statistical methodology for developing vertical scales for language tests 61
10. Part II. Enhancing score interpretation for individual language tests
11. Chapter 5. Scale anchoring methodology for developing revised performance level descriptors for the TOEFL iBT® test 80
12. Chapter 6. Exploring the benefits and challenges of web-based approaches to standard setting 99
13. Chapter 7. Mapping TOEFL® Essentials™ speaking and writing scores to the CEFR levels 120
14. Chapter 8. Designing and executing a score concordance study to establish score mapping to proficiency levels 141
15. Part III. Concluding commentary
16. Chapter 9. Literacy, transparency, and (mis)interpretations in communicating with testing stakeholders 158
17. Notes on contributors 168
18. Index 171