Chapter 6. Top-down policies and the language profiles of Malaysians in a multilingual language ecology

Chapters in this book

1. Prelim pages i
2. Table of contents vii
3. List of contributors ix
4. Investigating World Englishes in their local multilingual ecologies 1
5. Part I. Theory
6. Chapter 1. Prologue 12
7. Chapter 2. World Englishes and the third space 20
8. Part II. Language policies and attitudes
9. Chapter 3. Hierarchies in the language ecology of Botswana 40
10. Chapter 4. English in the multilingual ecology of anglophone and francophone Cameroon 64
11. Chapter 5. Global English in multilingual Philippines 91
12. Chapter 6. Top-down policies and the language profiles of Malaysians in a multilingual language ecology 116
13. Chapter 7. Multilingualism in Shanghai 143
14. Chapter 8. The linguistic ecology of Cyprus 166
15. Chapter 9. English in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq 190
16. Part III. Case studies
17. Chapter 10. English in the linguistic landscape(s) of rural Tanzania 208
18. Chapter 11. The Zanzibari tourist space as a multilingual language ecology 231
19. Chapter 12. The sociolinguistics of English in the plurilingual ecology of Lagos (Nigeria) 258
20. Chapter 13. The role of English in the linguistic ecology of Northeast India 291
21. Chapter 14. Discourse-pragmatic like in East Asian Englishes 317
22. Chapter 15. Translanguaging the hero online 335
23. Chapter 16. English as a lingua franca in Croatia’s multilingual ecology 364
24. Chapter 17. Envoi 384
25. Language index 397
26. Subject index 401