John Benjamins Publishing Company
‘[B]ut sure its only a penny after all’
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Abstract
Sure as a discourse marker is salient in Irish English, and it has been traditionally associated with the Irish since the seventeenth century. Its frequency in textual representations of Irish English seems to suggest that it was enregistered to audiences in historical contexts, and its occurrence in emigrant letters provides evidence of its use by letter-writers from different social and educational backgrounds since at least the 1760s. This study compares data from the Corpus of Irish English, which consists of literary texts, and the Corpus of Irish English Correspondence, which contains Irish emigrant letters. The comparison of historical corpora allows us to observe the structural positions in which DM sure is found from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries, and to examine the different pragmatic functions that it seems to fulfil. We suggest that its survival up to the present may have been due to sociolinguistic reasons: it was a useful feature for signalling identity and intimacy, and a pragmatic feature that enables IrE speakers to look for consensus, mitigate opinions, etc.
Abstract
Sure as a discourse marker is salient in Irish English, and it has been traditionally associated with the Irish since the seventeenth century. Its frequency in textual representations of Irish English seems to suggest that it was enregistered to audiences in historical contexts, and its occurrence in emigrant letters provides evidence of its use by letter-writers from different social and educational backgrounds since at least the 1760s. This study compares data from the Corpus of Irish English, which consists of literary texts, and the Corpus of Irish English Correspondence, which contains Irish emigrant letters. The comparison of historical corpora allows us to observe the structural positions in which DM sure is found from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries, and to examine the different pragmatic functions that it seems to fulfil. We suggest that its survival up to the present may have been due to sociolinguistic reasons: it was a useful feature for signalling identity and intimacy, and a pragmatic feature that enables IrE speakers to look for consensus, mitigate opinions, etc.
Chapters in this book
- Prelim pages i
- Table of contents v
- Acknowledgements vii
- Introduction 1
- Studying real-time change in the adverbial subjunctive 13
- Political perspectives on linguistic innovation in independent America 37
- Five Hundred Mistakes Corrected 55
- Transatlantic perspectives on late nineteenth-century English usage 73
- “Provincial in England, but in common use with us” 99
- “Across the ocean ferry” 117
- Legitimising linguistic devices in A Cheering Voice from Upper Canada (1834) 135
- Nineteenth-century institutional (im)politeness 153
- ‘[B]ut sure its only a penny after all’ 179
- Assigned gender in a corpus of nineteenth-century correspondence among settlers in the American Great Plains 199
- Index 219
Chapters in this book
- Prelim pages i
- Table of contents v
- Acknowledgements vii
- Introduction 1
- Studying real-time change in the adverbial subjunctive 13
- Political perspectives on linguistic innovation in independent America 37
- Five Hundred Mistakes Corrected 55
- Transatlantic perspectives on late nineteenth-century English usage 73
- “Provincial in England, but in common use with us” 99
- “Across the ocean ferry” 117
- Legitimising linguistic devices in A Cheering Voice from Upper Canada (1834) 135
- Nineteenth-century institutional (im)politeness 153
- ‘[B]ut sure its only a penny after all’ 179
- Assigned gender in a corpus of nineteenth-century correspondence among settlers in the American Great Plains 199
- Index 219
