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Erhebungsmethoden für die Ernährungsepidemiologie

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Published/Copyright: January 9, 2015

Einleitung

Obwohl der Ernährung eine große gesundheitliche Bedeutung beigemessen wird, sind viele Beziehungen zwischen Ernährung und dem Auftreten bestimmter, vor allem chronischer, Erkrankungen noch nicht abschließend geklärt. Die umfangreichen Forschungen der letzten Jahre haben zwar zu deren Aufklärung beigetragen, aber auch die methodischen Einschränkungen bei der Erforschung von Zusammenhängen aufgezeigt. U.a. bereiten die zufälligen und systematischen Messfehler der eingesetzten Ernährungserhebungsinstrumente große Probleme. Für das im Rahmen von Kohortenstudien am häufigsten eingesetzte Erhebungsinstrument (Verzehrshäufigkeitsfragebogen) konnten Verfahren zur Modellierung der Daten entwickelt werden, die die Auswirkungen der Messfehler reduzieren sollen. Für zukünftige Studien wird die Verwendung neuer Erhebungskonzepte (Kombination von 24-h-recalls mit Fragebögen und/oder Biomarkern) empfohlen.

Summary

Although diet and nutrition are considered important for health their relation to disease development, especially with respect to chronic diseases, often remains to be clarified. Recent comprehensive research efforts have substantially contributed to this clarification. However, methodological limitations of the underlying data have also become apparent. Random and systematic measurement errors of the applied assessment instruments are one considerable problem. For the most frequently used dietary assessment instrument, the food frequency questionnaire, statistical approaches for measurement error reduction have been developed. Future studies should work with novel assessment approaches. To this end, repeated 24-h recalls combined with questionnaires and, if applicable, with biomarkers are recommended.

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Published Online: 2015-1-9
Published in Print: 2012-10-1

© 2015 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

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