Volume 2023, Issue 802

We initiate the study of random iteration of automorphisms of real and complex projective surfaces, as well as compact Kähler surfaces, focusing on the classification of stationary measures. We show that, in a number of cases, such stationary measures are invariant and provide criteria for uniqueness, smoothness and rigidity of invariant probability measures. This involves a variety of tools from complex and algebraic geometry, random products of matrices, non-uniform hyperbolicity, as well as recent results of Brown and Rodriguez Hertz on random iteration of surface diffeomorphisms.

We use recent duality results of Eisenbud and Ulrich to give tools to study quadratically enriched residual intersections when there is no excess bundle. We use this to prove a formula for the Witt-valued Euler number of an almost complete intersection. We give example computations of quadratically enriched excess and residual intersections.

Cluster varieties come in pairs: for any 𝒳 {\mathcal{X}} cluster variety there is an associated Fock–Goncharov dual 𝒜 {\mathcal{A}} cluster variety. On the other hand, in the context of mirror symmetry, associated with any log Calabi–Yau variety is its mirror dual, which can be constructed using the enumerative geometry of rational curves in the framework of the Gross–Siebert program. In this paper we bridge the theory of cluster varieties with the algebro-geometric framework of Gross–Siebert mirror symmetry. Particularly, we show that the mirror to the 𝒳 {\mathcal{X}} cluster variety is a degeneration of the Fock–Goncharov dual 𝒜 {\mathcal{A}} cluster variety and vice versa. To do this, we investigate how the cluster scattering diagram of Gross, Hacking, Keel and Kontsevich compares with the canonical scattering diagram defined by Gross and Siebert to construct mirror duals in arbitrary dimensions. Consequently, we derive an enumerative interpretation of the cluster scattering diagram. Along the way, we prove the Frobenius structure conjecture for a class of log Calabi–Yau varieties obtained as blow-ups of toric varieties.

Let O q ⁢ [ K ] \mathcal{O}_{q}[K] be the quantized coordinate ring over the field C ⁢ ( q ) \mathbb{C}(q) of rational functions corresponding to a compact semisimple Lie group 𝐾, equipped with its ∗-structure. Let A 0 ⊂ C ⁢ ( q ) {\mathbf{A}_{0}}\subset\mathbb{C}(q) denote the subring of regular functions at q = 0 q=0 . We introduce an A 0 \mathbf{A}_{0} -subalgebra O q A 0 ⁢ [ K ] ⊂ O q ⁢ [ K ] \mathcal{O}_{q}^{{\mathbf{A}_{0}}}[K]\subset\mathcal{O}_{q}[K] which is stable with respect to the ∗-structure and which has the following properties with respect to the crystal limit q → 0 q\to 0 . The specialization of O q ⁢ [ K ] \mathcal{O}_{q}[K] at each q ∈ ( 0 , ∞ ) ∖ { 1 } q\in(0,\infty)\setminus\{1\} admits a faithful ∗-representation π q \pi_{q} on a fixed Hilbert space, a result due to Soibelman. We show that, for every element a ∈ O q A 0 ⁢ [ K ] a\in\mathcal{O}_{q}^{{\mathbf{A}_{0}}}[K] , the family of operators π q ⁢ ( a ) \pi_{q}(a) admits a norm limit as q → 0 q\to 0 . These limits define a ∗-representation π 0 \pi_{0} of O q A 0 ⁢ [ K ] \mathcal{O}_{q}^{{\mathbf{A}_{0}}}[K] . We show that the resulting ∗-algebra O ⁢ [ K 0 ] = π 0 ⁢ ( O q A 0 ⁢ [ K ] ) \mathcal{O}[K_{0}]=\pi_{0}(\mathcal{O}_{q}^{{\mathbf{A}_{0}}}[K]) is a Kumjian–Pask algebra, in the sense of Aranda Pino, Clark, an Huef and Raeburn. We give an explicit description of the underlying higher-rank graph in terms of crystal basis theory. As a consequence, we obtain a continuous field of C * C^{*} -algebras ( C ⁢ ( K q ) ) q ∈ [ 0 , ∞ ] (C(K_{q}))_{q\in[0,\infty]} , where the fibres at q = 0 q=0 and ∞ are explicitly defined higher-rank graph algebras.

We show that there exists a nonconstant CR-holomorphic function of polynomial growth in a complete noncompact Sasakian manifold of nonnegative pseudohermitian bisectional curvature with the CR maximal volume growth property. This is the very first step toward the CR analogue of the Yau uniformization conjecture which states that any complete noncompact Sasakian manifold of positive pseudohermitian bisectional curvature is CR biholomorphic to the standard Heisenberg group. More precisely, we first construct CR-holomorphic functions with controlled growth in a sequence of exhaustion domains in Sasakian manifolds by applying the Cheeger–Colding theory. Secondly, via the CR analogue of a tangent cone at infinity and the three-circle theorem, we are able to take the subsequence to obtain a nonconstant CR-holomorphic function of polynomial growth.

Let ( M , g , f ) {{(M,g,f)}} be a four-dimensional complete noncompact gradient shrinking Ricci soliton with the equation Ric + ∇ 2 ⁡ f = λ ⁢ g {{\mathrm{Ric}+\nabla^{2}f=\lambda g}} , where λ {{\lambda}} is a positive real number. We prove that if M {{M}} has constant scalar curvature S = 2 ⁢ λ {{S=2\lambda}} , it must be a quotient of 𝕊 2 × ℝ 2 {{\mathbb{S}^{2}\times\mathbb{R}^{2}}} . Together with the known results, this implies that a four-dimensional complete gradient shrinking Ricci soliton has constant scalar curvature if and only if it is rigid, that is, it is either Einstein, or a finite quotient of Gaussian shrinking soliton ℝ 4 {{\mathbb{R}^{4}}} , 𝕊 2 × ℝ 2 {{\mathbb{S}^{2}\times\mathbb{R}^{2}}} or 𝕊 3 × ℝ {{\mathbb{S}^{3}\times\mathbb{R}}} .

Some worrisome potential singularity models for the mean curvature flow are rotating ancient flows, i.e. ancient flows whose tangent flow at - ∞ {-\infty} is a cylinder ℝ k × S n - k {\mathbb{R}^{k}\times S^{n-k}} and that are rotating within the ℝ k {\mathbb{R}^{k}} -factor. We note that while the ℝ k {\mathbb{R}^{k}} -factor, i.e. the axis of the cylinder, is unique by the fundamental work of Colding-Minicozzi, the uniqueness of tangent flows by itself does not provide any information about rotations within the ℝ k {\mathbb{R}^{k}} -factor. In the present paper, we rule out rotating ancient flows among all ancient noncollapsed flows in ℝ 4 {\mathbb{R}^{4}} .

We show that the topological Pontryagin classes are algebraically independent in the rationalised cohomology of B ⁢ Top ⁢ ( d ) {B\mathrm{Top}(d)} for all d ≥ 4 {d\geq 4} .