Microstructure and Composition of Grain Boundary- and Intragranular Oxides in Low Alloy Mn-Cr, Mn-Al-Si and Si-Al-P Hot-rolled Steel Sheets
-
V.G. Praig
Abstract
During hot rolling, coiling and subsequent cooling of low-alloy steel sheets, internal oxides are formed at the grain boundaries (intergranular) and within the grains (intragranular) as a consequence of oxygen diffusion into the steel and segregating alloy elements. The assembly/microstructure and composition of the oxides found were investigated via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy loss (EELS)- or energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy therein. Our spectroscopic data reveal various simple oxide species, located separately or side by side. Those findings apply to grain boundary oxides and intragranular oxides, for all the steel compositions investigated (Fe-Mn-Cr, Fe-Mn-Al-Si, Fe-Si-Al-P). For example, within the Mn-Cr-alloyed steel we find Mn oxide at all oxide locations (inter- and intragranular), but Cr oxide is not present always. We also discuss the sequences of oxide formation, which follow the thermodynamic rules of oxide formation.
Kurzfassung
Während dem Warmwalzen, Haspeln und anschließendem Abkühlen von niedrig legierten Stahlblechen diffundiert Sauerstoff in den Stahl und bildet mit den segregierenden Legierungselementen Oxide an den Korngrenzen (intergranular) und innerhalb der Körner (intragranular). Die Anordnung/Mikrostruktur und die Zusammensetzung der Oxide wurden mit Hilfe von Elektronenenergieverlust- (EELS) oder energiedispersiver Röntgenspektroskopie (EDX), in einem Transmissionselektronenmikroskop (TEM) untersucht. Unsere spektroskopischen Daten zeigen unterschiedliche, aber einfache Oxide, die entweder getrennt oder nebeneinander vorliegen. Dieser Befund gilt für Korngrenzoxide und intragranulare Oxide bei allen untersuchten Stahlarten (Fe-Mn-Cr, Fe-Mn-Al-Si, Fe-Si-Al-P). Beispielsweise finden wir im Mn-Cr-legierten Stahl an allen Oxidpositionen (inter- und intragranular) Mn-Oxide. Cr-Oxide treten jedoch nicht überall auf. Wir befassen uns auch mit der Abfolge der Oxidbildung, die nach den thermodynamischen Regeln der Oxidbildung erfolgt.
References / Literatur
1 Davis, J.R. [ed.]: Alloying: Understanding the Basics, 1. print, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2001, S. 194ff10.31399/asm.tb.aub.9781627082976Search in Google Scholar
2 Khanna, A.S.: Introduction to High Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2002, S. 109ffSearch in Google Scholar
3 Trindade, V.B.; BorinR.; HanjariB.Z.; YangS.; KruppU.; ChristH.-J.: Materials Research8 (2005) 4, 365–36910.1590/S1516-14392005000400002Search in Google Scholar
4 Trindade, V.B.; ChristH-J.; KruppU.: Oxidation of Metals73 (2010), 551–563 DOI:10.1007/s11085–010–9192–8Search in Google Scholar
5 Gines, M.J.L.; Benitez, G.J.; Perez, T.; Merli, E.; Firpo, M.A.; Egli, W.: Latin American Applied Research32 (2002), 281–288Search in Google Scholar
6 Spähn, H.: Elektrochemische Korrosion in wäßrigen Lösungen ohne gleichzeitige mechanische Beanspruchung; In: Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz. 1. Einführung und wissenschaftliche Grundlagen (Kunze, E. [ed.]), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, 2001, S. 79ffSearch in Google Scholar
7 Praig, V.G.; Stöger-Pollach, M.: Materials Science Forum782 (2014), 284–287 DOI:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.782.284Search in Google Scholar
8 Clemens, D.; Bongartz, K.; Quadakkers, W.J.; Nickel, H.; Holzbrecher, H.; Becker, J-S.: Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry353 (1995), 267–270 DOI:10.1007/BF00322050Search in Google Scholar
9 Krupp, U.; Trindade, V.B.; Schmidt, P.; Christ, H-J.; Buschmann, U.; Wiechert, W.: Defect and Diffusion Forum237–240 (2005), 946–95110.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.237-240.946Search in Google Scholar
10 Horita, T.; Kishimoto, H.; Yamaji, K.; Xiong, Y.; Sakai, N.; Brito, M.E.; Yokokawa, H.: Solid State Ionics179 (2008), 1320–1324 DOI:10.1016/j.ssi.2008.01.090Search in Google Scholar
11 Seah, M.P.: Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics10 (1980), 1043–1064 DOI:10.1088/0305–4608/10/6/006Search in Google Scholar
12 Balluffi, R.W.: Metallurgical Transactions B13B (1982), 527–55310.1007/BF02650011Search in Google Scholar
13 Herzig, C.; Divinski, S.V.: Materials Transactions44 (2003) 1, 14–27 DOI:10.2320/matertrans.44.14Search in Google Scholar
14 Crozier, P.A.: Ultramicroscopy58 (1995), 157–174 DOI:10.1016/0304–3991(94)00201-WSearch in Google Scholar
15 Preußner, J.; Fleischmann, E.; Voelkl, R.; Glatzel, U.: International Journal of Materials Research101 (2010), 577–57910.3139/146.110320Search in Google Scholar
16 Barin, I.; Knacke, O.; Kubaschewski, O.: Thermochemical properties of inorganic substances, Springer Verlag, Berlin – Heidelberg– New York/Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Düsseldorf, 1973Search in Google Scholar
© 2014, Carl Hanser Verlag, München
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents/Inhalt
- Contents
- Editorial
- Editorial
- Technical Contributions/Fachbeiträge
- Characterization of Deformation Twins in Meteorites and Dynamically Loaded Ferrous Materials by Means Of Electron Backscatter Diffraction, EBSD
- Microstructure and Composition of Grain Boundary- and Intragranular Oxides in Low Alloy Mn-Cr, Mn-Al-Si and Si-Al-P Hot-rolled Steel Sheets
- Selective Laser Melting – Additive Manufacturing's “New Kid on the Block”; TMF Failure of a Y-shaped Pipe in a Burner Test Rig
- Meeting Diary/Veranstaltungskalender
- Meeting Diary
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents/Inhalt
- Contents
- Editorial
- Editorial
- Technical Contributions/Fachbeiträge
- Characterization of Deformation Twins in Meteorites and Dynamically Loaded Ferrous Materials by Means Of Electron Backscatter Diffraction, EBSD
- Microstructure and Composition of Grain Boundary- and Intragranular Oxides in Low Alloy Mn-Cr, Mn-Al-Si and Si-Al-P Hot-rolled Steel Sheets
- Selective Laser Melting – Additive Manufacturing's “New Kid on the Block”; TMF Failure of a Y-shaped Pipe in a Burner Test Rig
- Meeting Diary/Veranstaltungskalender
- Meeting Diary
