Mechanical Stability of Ionotropic Alginate Beads
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Patrick Degen
Abstract
In a series of experiments we measured the mechanical properties of single alginate beads by means of squeezing experiments between two parallel plates. We used multivalent counter-ions as cross-linking molecules for the formation of three dimensional alginate gels. In this article we examined pure Fe(II) (ferric), Fe(III) (ferrous) and Ca(II) (calcium) ions as cross-linking agents and different mixtures between these charged compounds. The results of squeezing experiments showed that capsules formed with pure ferrous ions were less stable than particles which were cross-linked with calcium or ferric ions. It turned out that at equal molar concentrations calcium and ferrous ions formed stronger gels than ferric ions. In addition to squeezing capsule experiments we also investigated different particles by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Experiments of Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) show different compositions of these beads.
© by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Dortmund, Germany
Articles in the same Issue
- Preface
- Understanding Static and Dynamic Heterogeneities in Confined Water
- Rigid Molecule Approximation in Memory Function-based Models for Molecular Liquids: Application to Liquid Water
- Transient Pronounced Density Variation in Amorphous Ice Structures
- Correlation of Static and Dynamic Heterogeneities in Supercooled Water by Means of Molecular Dynamics Simulations
- The Effects of Temperature and H/D Isotopic Dilution on the Transmission and Attenuated Total Reflection FTIR Spectra of Water
- Percolation Threshold of Water in Ideal Binary Mixture
- Transport Anomalies in the Gaussian Core Model Fluid
- Molecular Dynamics Simulations on the Glass-to-liquid Transition in High Density Amorphous Ice
- The Effect of Incorporation of Gramicidin on the Translational Lipid Diffusion in Bicontinuous Cubic Monoolein/Water Mesophases
- Mechanical Stability of Ionotropic Alginate Beads
- How Does Solute-Polarization Affect the Hydrophobic Hydration of Methane?
- Myoglobin and Apomyoglobin in their Native, Molten Globule and Acid-Denaturated States. A Dielectric Relaxation Study
- Distributions of Hydrogen Bond Lifetimes in Instantaneous and Inherent Structures of Water
Articles in the same Issue
- Preface
- Understanding Static and Dynamic Heterogeneities in Confined Water
- Rigid Molecule Approximation in Memory Function-based Models for Molecular Liquids: Application to Liquid Water
- Transient Pronounced Density Variation in Amorphous Ice Structures
- Correlation of Static and Dynamic Heterogeneities in Supercooled Water by Means of Molecular Dynamics Simulations
- The Effects of Temperature and H/D Isotopic Dilution on the Transmission and Attenuated Total Reflection FTIR Spectra of Water
- Percolation Threshold of Water in Ideal Binary Mixture
- Transport Anomalies in the Gaussian Core Model Fluid
- Molecular Dynamics Simulations on the Glass-to-liquid Transition in High Density Amorphous Ice
- The Effect of Incorporation of Gramicidin on the Translational Lipid Diffusion in Bicontinuous Cubic Monoolein/Water Mesophases
- Mechanical Stability of Ionotropic Alginate Beads
- How Does Solute-Polarization Affect the Hydrophobic Hydration of Methane?
- Myoglobin and Apomyoglobin in their Native, Molten Globule and Acid-Denaturated States. A Dielectric Relaxation Study
- Distributions of Hydrogen Bond Lifetimes in Instantaneous and Inherent Structures of Water
