Abstract
Circulation half-life has become one of the major design considerations in nanoparticle drug delivery systems. By taking cues for designing long circulating carriers from natural entities such as red blood cells (RBCs) has been explored for many years. Among all the cellular carriers including leukocytes, fibroblasts, islets, and hepatocytes, RBCs offer several distinctive features. The present review underlines a discussion on the applications of different RBC carriers (RBC mimics) which can evade the body’s reticuloendothelial system overcoming many barriers such as size, shape, accelerated blood clearance, mechanical properties, control over particle characteristics, and surface chemistry. Bilayer membrane liposomes infusing phospholipids have long been synthesized to mimic bioconcave RBC carriers using the notion of stealth liposomes. This is not a comprehensive review; some illustrative examples are given on how they are currently obtained. A special attention is devoted to the RBC mimics from polymers, red cell membrane ghosts, and the red cell membrane enclosing polymeric cores as potential drug carriers. The present research reveals the achievement of RBC surface charge to accord with the immune system as a game of hide and seek in a much promising way in the light of its pharmaceutical applications.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge and express sincere gratitude to the Ministry of Education, Malaysia, under the High Impact Research Grant (grant no. UM-MOHE:UM.C/625/1/HIR/MOHE//SC/09), University of Malaya Research Grant (grant no. FL001F-13 BIO) and Post Graduate Research Fund (grant no. PG123-2012B and grant no. PG094-2014A) for their financial support throughout this project. The authors would also like to acknowledge University of Malaya Bright Sparks Unit (Grant no: BSP/APP/0784/2012), which financially supported this work.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Light alkane dehydrogenation to light olefin technologies: a comprehensive review
- Catalytic esterification of bioglycerol to value-added products
- Data cleaning in the process industries
- Drug delivery and innovative pharmaceutical development in mimicking the red blood cell membrane
- “Biosteel”: an exciting product from nature that is superior to many manmade alternatives
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Light alkane dehydrogenation to light olefin technologies: a comprehensive review
- Catalytic esterification of bioglycerol to value-added products
- Data cleaning in the process industries
- Drug delivery and innovative pharmaceutical development in mimicking the red blood cell membrane
- “Biosteel”: an exciting product from nature that is superior to many manmade alternatives