Daluang Manuscripts from Cirebon, Indonesia: History, Manufacture and Deterioration Phenomena
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Yeni Budi Rachman
Yeni Budi Rachman is a Junior Lecturer at the Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia. She can be contacted at yeni.budi@ui.ac.id
and
Tamara Adriani Salim
Tamara Adriani Salim is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia. She can be contacted at tamara_susetyo@yahoo.com
Abstract
Daluang or dluwang is an Indonesian traditional ‘near paper’ that is made of Saeh, a type of mulberry plant. Daluang or dluwang were used as a writing material in Java during the Islamic era. Cirebon, West Java Province, Indonesia, is one of daluang manuscript collection sources in Indonesia. The manuscripts belong to the local society and the royal family. The objective of this research is to provide a brief history of daluang production and use and to identify deterioration phenomena of daluang manuscripts which belong to the Cirebon society. The data was collected by literature study, interviews and a survey examining daluang manuscripts. The findings from this study are an important documentation of the present condition of daluang manuscripts in Cirebon. Furthermore, this paper offers guidance for a condition survey of daluang manuscript collections and identifies weaknesses in the current practice of preservation, offering suggestions for optimized storage conditions.
Zusammenfassung
Herstellung, Verwendung und Schäden von Daluang Manuskripten: Eine Fallstudie aus Cirebon, Indonesien
Daluang oder Dluwang ist ein traditioneller indonesischer, papierähnlicher Beschreibstoff, der aus Saeh, einer Art Papiermaulbeerbaum, hergestellt wird. Die Verwendung von Daluang geht auf die islamische Epoche in Java zurück. In Cirebon, einer Stadt an der Nordküste der Insel Java, befinden sich bedeutende Sammlungen von Daluang Manuskripten. Die Handschriften gehören der lokalen Bevölkerung sowie der königlichen Familie. Das Ziel der Untersuchung war es, einen Überblick über die Herstellung und die Verwendung von Daluang zu geben und typische Schadensphänomene an Daluang Manuskripten zu beschreiben. Das Forschungsprojekt umfasste eine Literaturrecherche, Interviews und eine Bestandsaufnahme ausgewählter Manuskripte. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie sind eine wichtige Dokumentation des gegenwärtigen Zustands von Daluang Manuskripten in Cirebon und dienen zur Identifikation von Schwachstellen in der gegenwärtigen Praxis von Aufbewahrung und Handhabung. Darüber hinaus bietet der vorliegende Beitrag eine Anleitung für eine Zustandserhebung von Daluang Manuskripten.
Résumé
La détérioration des manuscrits daluang: un cas d’étude à Cirebon, Indonésie
Le papier daluang est un papier indonésien traditionnel fait à partir de la plante Saeh. Dans le passé, le papier daluang a été utilisé comme support d’écriture. On parle ainsi de manuscrits daluang. Cirebon est l’une des sources de papier daluang en Indonésie. Les manuscrits appartiennent à la société locale et à la famille royale. L’objectif principal de cette recherche est de décrire l’état physique des collections de manuscrits daluang appartenant à la société de Cirebon. Les données ont été récoltées par interview et rassemblées pour identifier les caractéristiques physiques et la détérioration des manuscrits daluang. Les résultats de cette étude sont importants pour documenter l’état actuel et les caractéristiques physiques des manuscrits daluang. L’étude montre aussi que le papier daluang est un ancien support d’écriture durable pouvant supporter de pauvres conditions environnementales.
About the authors
Yeni Budi Rachman is a Junior Lecturer at the Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia. She can be contacted at yeni.budi@ui.ac.id
Tamara Adriani Salim is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia. She can be contacted at tamara_susetyo@yahoo.com
Acknowledgement
This paper was originally presented at the 7th International Student Conference at Ibaraki University, Japan, 3–4 December 2011, and published as an extended abstract of the conference proceeding. This paper is based on the undergradute thesis entitled “Konservasi naskah daluang Cirebon [Daluang manuscripts conservation of Cirebon]” at Universitas Indonesia, year 2009.
Appendix 1. Survey sheet
| No. | Observation criteria | Identification | No. | Observation criteria | Identification | Temperature |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Binding/manuscript paper acidity | – | 16 | Paper mark stain | – | – |
| 2 | Split binding/manuscript page | – | 17 | Hole by termite | – | |
| 3 | Folded binding/manuscript page | – | 18 | Hole by lice | – | |
| 4 | Torn binding/manuscript page | – | 19 | Torn by mouse bite | – | Humidity |
| 5 | Dusty binding/manuscript page | – | 20 | Faded ink reaction | – | – |
| 6 | Traces of restoration | – | 21 | Blotched ink reaction | – | |
| 7 | Manuscript separated from binding | – | 22 | Corrosive ink reaction | – | |
| 8 | Lost binding/manuscript page | – | 23 | Mark of ownership | – | Light |
| 9 | Discoloration in binding/paper | – | 24 | Water leaked on ink | – | – |
| 10 | Water stain | – | 25 | Traces of restoration | – | |
| 11 | Mould stain | – | 26 | General condition | Category 1–4 | |
| 12 | Food/drink stain | – | 27 | Moisture level | – | |
| 13 | Insect stain | – | 28 | Width | – | |
| 14 | Insect’s dirt stain | – | 29 | Weight | – | |
| 15 | Insect’s egg stain | – |
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© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- One-Step Lining and Deacidification of Aged Newspapers with Double-sided Writing
- Printing Inks of The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty
- Accelerated Ageing of Parchment: Investigation of a Photo Catalysed, Low-Heat Approach
- Daluang Manuscripts from Cirebon, Indonesia: History, Manufacture and Deterioration Phenomena
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- One-Step Lining and Deacidification of Aged Newspapers with Double-sided Writing
- Printing Inks of The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty
- Accelerated Ageing of Parchment: Investigation of a Photo Catalysed, Low-Heat Approach
- Daluang Manuscripts from Cirebon, Indonesia: History, Manufacture and Deterioration Phenomena
