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Biological effects of recombinant human growth hormone therapy on metabolism in children with growth hormone deficiency: a review

  • Kamil Dyrka ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Kamila Łachut , Zofia Kolesińska , Marek Niedziela and Monika Obara-Moszyńska
Published/Copyright: May 6, 2025
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
From the journal Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Volume 38 Issue 8

Abstract

Introduction

Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy (GHT) for short stature resulting from growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is effective in promoting optimal growth velocity and achieving an appropriate final height. However, the specific metabolic changes in children during replacement GHT remain unclear.

Content

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of GHT on metabolism in children with GHD. This is a review of the literature published at PubMed/MEDLINE between January 2010 and August 2024, including original articles. The authors searched Medline using the following keywords: growth hormone therapy in children OR growth hormone treatment in children AND metabolism OR glycemia OR glycated hemoglobin OR insulin OR lipid profile OR blood pressure OR bone mineral density OR body mass index OR waist circumference OR hip circumference OR waist-to-hip ratio OR lean body mass OR visceral fat OR muscle strength OR physical activity OR exercise.

Summary and Outlook

GHT in children positively affects the lipid profile and body composition. Nevertheless, rhGH treatment may increase fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and indices of insulin resistance. GHT in children has not been associated with an increased risk of diabetes. No changes in blood pressure during GHT were observed. The results of our review show that GHT impacts lipid profiles, carbohydrate metabolism, and body composition. Further studies are needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms by which GH regulates substrate metabolism.

Keywords: growth hormone deficiency; short stature; final height; glycemia; lipid profile; body composition
Corresponding author: Kamil Dyrka, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Doctoral School, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan, Poland, E-mail:

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: K.D., M.O.M.: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, validation, writing – original draft, and writing – review and editing; K.Ł.: data curation, investigation, writing – original draft; Z.K., M.N.: formal analysis, investigation, methodology, validation, writing – review and editing. All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: None declared.

  7. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2025-01-29
Accepted: 2025-04-03
Published Online: 2025-05-06
Published in Print: 2025-08-26

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Endocrine treatment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy – current practices and future directions
  4. Reviews
  5. Pubertal induction therapy in pediatric patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
  6. Evaluating obesity and fat cells as possible important metabolic players in childhood leukemia
  7. Biological effects of recombinant human growth hormone therapy on metabolism in children with growth hormone deficiency: a review
  8. Original Articles
  9. The use of bisphosphonate and testosterone in young people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: an international clinician survey
  10. Characterizing the metabolome of children with growth hormone deficiency
  11. Is L-dopa test effective in detecting adrenal insufficiency with preliminary diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in children with short stature?
  12. Comparison of the clinical characteristics of children with Silver–Russell syndrome genetically confirmed or not and their response to growth hormone therapy: a national multicenter study
  13. Testicular adrenal rest tumors in Indonesian boys with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
  14. Oxidative stress in branched-chain organic acidemias using thiol-disulfide homeostasis
  15. Case Reports
  16. Delayed diagnosis of retroperitoneal paraganglioma in an 8-year-old boy with persistent hypertension: a case report and review of diagnostic challenges in pediatric secondary hypertension
  17. Pediatric iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome: a series of seven cases induced by topical corticosteroid use
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https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2025-0057
Keywords for this article
growth hormone deficiency; short stature; final height; glycemia; lipid profile; body composition

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Endocrine treatment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy – current practices and future directions
  4. Reviews
  5. Pubertal induction therapy in pediatric patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
  6. Evaluating obesity and fat cells as possible important metabolic players in childhood leukemia
  7. Biological effects of recombinant human growth hormone therapy on metabolism in children with growth hormone deficiency: a review
  8. Original Articles
  9. The use of bisphosphonate and testosterone in young people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: an international clinician survey
  10. Characterizing the metabolome of children with growth hormone deficiency
  11. Is L-dopa test effective in detecting adrenal insufficiency with preliminary diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in children with short stature?
  12. Comparison of the clinical characteristics of children with Silver–Russell syndrome genetically confirmed or not and their response to growth hormone therapy: a national multicenter study
  13. Testicular adrenal rest tumors in Indonesian boys with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
  14. Oxidative stress in branched-chain organic acidemias using thiol-disulfide homeostasis
  15. Case Reports
  16. Delayed diagnosis of retroperitoneal paraganglioma in an 8-year-old boy with persistent hypertension: a case report and review of diagnostic challenges in pediatric secondary hypertension
  17. Pediatric iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome: a series of seven cases induced by topical corticosteroid use
  18. Wolcott–Rallison syndrome: late-onset diabetes, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, and acute liver failure – a case report
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