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The prevalence of incidental finding of gynecomastia on thoracic computed tomography in the pediatric age group

  • Mehtap Ilgar ORCID logo EMAIL logo and Serkan Ünlü ORCID logo
Published/Copyright: December 21, 2021
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
From the journal Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Volume 35 Issue 3

Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of gynecomastia, determine mean glandular breast tissue sizes, and evaluate whether there is any difference in the prevalence rate of gynecomastia according to age using three different reference values of glandular breast tissue size (≥5, ≥10, ≥20 mm) in the pediatric age group.

Methods

Glandular breast tissue sizes were measured retrospectively from thoracic computed tomography (CT) images taken for other reasons in 961 boys aged 1–18 years.

Results

When each breast was evaluated separately (1,922 breasts), gynecomastia was observed in 1,001 (52.1%), 719 (37.4%), and 216 (11.2%) breasts with ≥5, ≥10, and ≥20 mm considered as reference values, respectively. A significant difference was found in terms of gynecomastia (p<0.001) and mean glandular breast tissue size (p<0.001) with respect to age.

Conclusions

New studies are currently needed to determine the glandular breast tissue size and the prevalence rate of gynecomastia in boys, and thoracic CT images can be used for this purpose.

Keywords: computed tomography; gynecomastia; pediatric
Corresponding author: Mehtap Ilgar, General Radiologist, Department of Radiology, Malatya Training and Research Hospital, No. 4 Turgut Ozal Boulevard, Malatya 44330, Turkey, Phone: +90 0422 4445634, Fax: +90 0422-3253438, GSM: +905066826251, E-mail:

  1. Research funding: None declared.

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Informed consent was not required due to the retrospective nature of the study. The local ethics committee approved this retrospective study and waived the need of informed consent.

  5. Ethical approval: This retrospective study received approval from Malatya Turgut Özal University Clinic Ethics Committee. Protocol number is 2021/57.

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Received: 2021-09-04
Accepted: 2021-12-02
Published Online: 2021-12-21
Published in Print: 2022-03-28

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review Article
  3. Congenital hyperinsulinism: recent updates on molecular mechanisms, diagnosis and management
  4. Original Articles
  5. Weight changes of children in 1 year during COVID-19 pandemic
  6. Three novel mutations of the BCKDHA, BCKDHB and DBT genes in Chinese children with maple syrup urine disease
  7. Rates of adrenal insufficiency using a monoclonal vs. polyclonal cortisol assay
  8. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in growth restricted convalescent preterm neonates: clinical characteristics and impediments to early diagnosis
  9. Identification of three novel pathogenic mutations in cystathionine beta-synthase gene of Pakistani intellectually disabled patients
  10. The prevalence of incidental finding of gynecomastia on thoracic computed tomography in the pediatric age group
  11. The prevalence of hypertension and elevated blood pressure and its correlation with overweight/obesity among students aged 6–17 years in Suzhou
  12. Investigation of androgen receptor gene CAG repeat length polymorphism in pubertal gynecomastia
  13. A single-centre study of genetic mutations, audiology, echocardiogram and pulmonary function in Saudi children with osteogenesis imperfecta
  14. A 10-year retrospective single-center study of alpha-fetoprotein and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin in Romanian children with (para)gonadal tumors and cysts
  15. Clinical, pathological and molecular spectrum of patients with glycogen storage diseases in Pakistan
  16. Allelic dropout in PAH affecting the results of genetic diagnosis in phenylketonuria
  17. Short Communication
  18. Role of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the appearance of new onset type 1 diabetes mellitus in children in Gran Canaria, Spain
  19. Case Reports
  20. 3-M syndrome – a primordial short stature disorder with novel CUL7 mutation in two Indian patients
  21. The coincidence of two rare diseases with opposite metabolic phenotype: a child with congenital hyperinsulinism and Bloom syndrome
  22. Growth hormone deficiency in a child with benign hereditary chorea caused by a de novo mutation of the TITF1/NKX2-1 gene
  23. Identification of a novel mutation in the PHKA2 gene in a child with liver cirrhosis
https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2021-0576
Keywords for this article
computed tomography; gynecomastia; pediatric

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review Article
  3. Congenital hyperinsulinism: recent updates on molecular mechanisms, diagnosis and management
  4. Original Articles
  5. Weight changes of children in 1 year during COVID-19 pandemic
  6. Three novel mutations of the BCKDHA, BCKDHB and DBT genes in Chinese children with maple syrup urine disease
  7. Rates of adrenal insufficiency using a monoclonal vs. polyclonal cortisol assay
  8. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in growth restricted convalescent preterm neonates: clinical characteristics and impediments to early diagnosis
  9. Identification of three novel pathogenic mutations in cystathionine beta-synthase gene of Pakistani intellectually disabled patients
  10. The prevalence of incidental finding of gynecomastia on thoracic computed tomography in the pediatric age group
  11. The prevalence of hypertension and elevated blood pressure and its correlation with overweight/obesity among students aged 6–17 years in Suzhou
  12. Investigation of androgen receptor gene CAG repeat length polymorphism in pubertal gynecomastia
  13. A single-centre study of genetic mutations, audiology, echocardiogram and pulmonary function in Saudi children with osteogenesis imperfecta
  14. A 10-year retrospective single-center study of alpha-fetoprotein and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin in Romanian children with (para)gonadal tumors and cysts
  15. Clinical, pathological and molecular spectrum of patients with glycogen storage diseases in Pakistan
  16. Allelic dropout in PAH affecting the results of genetic diagnosis in phenylketonuria
  17. Short Communication
  18. Role of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the appearance of new onset type 1 diabetes mellitus in children in Gran Canaria, Spain
  19. Case Reports
  20. 3-M syndrome – a primordial short stature disorder with novel CUL7 mutation in two Indian patients
  21. The coincidence of two rare diseases with opposite metabolic phenotype: a child with congenital hyperinsulinism and Bloom syndrome
  22. Growth hormone deficiency in a child with benign hereditary chorea caused by a de novo mutation of the TITF1/NKX2-1 gene
  23. Identification of a novel mutation in the PHKA2 gene in a child with liver cirrhosis
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