High speed 8PSK optical modulator using silicon/electro-optic polymer hybrid coupled ring resonator
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Hailu Dessalegn Ayalew
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Srinivas Talabattula
Abstract
In this paper, we proposed high speed 8PSK optical modulator using silicon/electro-optic polymer hybrid coupled ring resonators (Si/EO-PHCRR). The design comprises of two coupled ring resonator (CRRs) that has a primary and secondary rings and a single ring resonator (SRR), which acts as a delay line. The two CRRs are arranged in parallel within the two branches of the Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), collectively producing a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) at the output terminal of MZI. The SRR is also configured in series with MZI and functions as an angle modulator, essentially serving as a π/4 phase shift modulator that operates based on the bit pattern applied to it. The CRR ensures a high energy storing capability that enhances the modulation efficiency and enables relatively high extinction ratio with better design flexibility and negligible losses. Thus, in this system, a 3 dB modulation bandwidth f3dB = 51.14 GHz is realized with the moderate quality factor of Q = 3,839 and tunability of the modulator is found to be 723.65 pm/V with an extinction ratio of 29 dB. Also, the performance analysis of the modulator have be done at the bit rate of 150 Gbps and resulted in a high optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) of 17.98 dB with a BER of 10−9 at the span of 100 Km dispersion shifted fiber.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University and Indian institute of Science (IISc) for giving an opportunity and providing the necessary facility to carry out our research.
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: All authors contribute equally. The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
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Conflict of interest: The authors declare they have no financial and/or Non-financial competing interests.
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Research funding: No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.
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Data availability: The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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