Abstract
Now a day’s photonic crystals (PhCs) are in trends for designing of various integrated circuits like combinational and sequential circuits. The designing of all-optical half adder circuit based on beam interference principle, using T-shaped square lattice with silica dielectric rods in air background, is proposed. This design is a combination of two structures: one part of it works as AND gate and other part works as XOR gate. This structure is simulated using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and verified numerically using PWE band solver and also using MATLAB.
Acknowledgement
One of the authors, Sandip Swarnakar would like to acknowledge to his colleague Amrindra Pal for encouragement and support during preparation of this paper.
References
1. Liu Q, Ouyang Z, Wu CJ, Liu CP, Wang JC. All-optical half adder based on cross structures in two-dimensional photonic crystals. Opt Express 2008;16(23):18992–9000.10.1364/OE.16.018992Search in Google Scholar
2. Mouftah HT, Elmirghani MH. Photonic switching technology. New York: IEEE Press, 1999:9–10.Search in Google Scholar
3. Zhang X, Wang Y, Sun J, Liu D, Huang D. All-optical AND gate at 10 Gbit/s based on cascaded single-port coupled SOAs. Opt Express 2004;12(15):361–6.10.1364/OPEX.12.000361Search in Google Scholar
4. Geshiro TM, Kitamura T, Nishida K, Sawa S. All-optical logic gates containing a two-mode nonlinear waveguide. IEEE J Quantum Electron 2002;38:37–46.10.1109/3.973317Search in Google Scholar
5. Esmaeili SA, Cherri AK. Photonic crystal-based all-optical arithmetic circuits without SOA-based switches. Int J Light Electron Optics Optik 2014;125:3710–13.10.1016/j.ijleo.2014.03.006Search in Google Scholar
6. Yablonovich E. Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid-state physics and electronics. Phys Rev Lett 1987;58(20):2059–62.10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.2059Search in Google Scholar PubMed
7. Joannopoulos JD, Meade RD, Winn JN. Photonic crystal: modelling of flow of light. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005.Search in Google Scholar
8. Menezes JWM, Fraga WB, Ferreira AC, Guimarães GF, Filho AFGF, Sobrinho CS, et al. All-optical half-adder using all-optical XOR and AND gates for optical generation of “Sum” and “Carry”. Fiber Integr Opt 14 Jul 2010:254–71.10.1080/01468030.2010.485290Search in Google Scholar
9. Susan Christina X, Kabilan AP. Design of optical logic gates using self-collimated beams in 2D photonic crystal. Photonic Sens Springer 2012;2(2):173–9.10.1007/s13320-012-0054-7Search in Google Scholar
10. Rani P, Kalra Y, Sinha RK. Design and analysis of polarization independent all-optical logic gates in silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal. Opt Commun Elsevier 2016;374(1):148–55.10.1016/j.optcom.2016.04.037Search in Google Scholar
11. Fujisawa T, Koshiba M. All-optical logic gates based on nonlinear slot-waveguide couplers. J Opt Soc Am B 2006;23(4):684–91.10.1364/JOSAB.23.000684Search in Google Scholar
12. Wu YD. All-optical logic gates by using multi-branch waveguide structure with localized optical nonlinearity. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron 2005;11:307–12.10.1109/JSTQE.2005.846534Search in Google Scholar
13. Menezes JWM, Fraga WB, Ferreira AC, Saboia KDA, Filho AFGF, Guimaraes GF, et al. Logic gates based in two and three-modes nonlinear optical fiber couplers. Opt Quantum Electron 2007;39:1191–206.10.1007/s11082-008-9186-9Search in Google Scholar
14. Kumar A, Kumar S, Raghuwanshi SK. Implementation of XOR/XNOR and AND logic gates using Mach-Zehnder interferometers. Optik 2014;125:5764–7.10.1016/j.ijleo.2014.07.037Search in Google Scholar
15. Shaik EH, Rangaswamy N. Improved design of all-optical photonic crystal logic gates using T-shaped waveguide. Opt Quantum Electronics 2016;48(33). doi:10.1007/s11082-015-0279-y.Search in Google Scholar
16. Wu YD, Shih TT, Chen MH. New all-optical logic gates based on the local nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Opt Express 2008;16:248–57.10.1364/OE.16.000248Search in Google Scholar PubMed
17. Yulan F, Xiaoyong H, Gong Q. Silicon photonic crystal all-optical logic gates. Phys Lett A 2013;377(3–4):329–33.10.1016/j.physleta.2012.11.034Search in Google Scholar
18. Wu CJ, Liu CP, Ouyang Z. Compact and low power optical logic NOT gate based on photonic crystal waveguides without optical amplifiers and nonlinear materials. Appl Opt 2012;51(5):680–5.10.1364/AO.51.000680Search in Google Scholar PubMed
19. Cuesta-Soto F, Martínez A, Garcia J, Ramos F, Sanchis P, Blasco J, et al. All-optical switching structure based on a photonic crystal directional coupler. Opt Express 2004;12:161–7.10.1364/OPEX.12.000161Search in Google Scholar
20. Mario N, Armenise C, Campanella E, Ciminelli C, Dell’Olio F, Passaro VMN. Photonic and photonic band gap structures: modelling and applications. Phys Procedia 2010;3(1):357–64.10.1016/j.phpro.2010.01.047Search in Google Scholar
21. Bogoni A, Poti L, Proietti R, Meloni G, Ponzini F, Ghelfi P. Regenerative and reconfigurable all-optical logic gates for ultra-fast applications. Electron Lett 2005;41:435–6.10.1049/el:20058010Search in Google Scholar
22. Ahn KH, Cao XD, Liang Y, Barnett BC, Chaikamnerd S, Islam MN. Cascadability and functionality of all-optical low-birefringent non-linear optical loop mirror. J Opt Soc Amer 1997;14:1228–36.10.1364/JOSAB.14.001228Search in Google Scholar
23. Wang Q, Zhu G, Chen H, Jaques J, Leuthold J, Piccirilli AB, et al. Study of all-optical XOR using Mach-Zehnder interferometer and differential scheme. IEEE J Quantum Electron 2004;40:703–10.10.1109/JQE.2004.828261Search in Google Scholar
24. Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Li B. Optical switches and logic gates based on self-collimated beams in two-dimensional photonic crystals. Optics Express 2007;15(15):9287–92.10.1364/OE.15.009287Search in Google Scholar PubMed
25. Andalib P, Granpayeh N. All-optical ultra-compact photonic crystal AND gate based on nonlinear ring resonators. J Opt Soc Am B 2009;26(1):10–16.10.1364/JOSAB.26.000010Search in Google Scholar
26. Zhu ZH, Ye WM, Ji JR, Yuan XD, Zen C. High contrast light by light switching and AND gate based on nonlinear photonic crystals. Opt Express 2006;14(5):1783–8.10.1364/OE.14.001783Search in Google Scholar
27. Xavier SC, Arunachalam K. Compact design of all-optical logic \gates based on self-collimation phenomenon in two-dimensional photonic crystal. Opt Eng 2012;51(4):1–5.Search in Google Scholar
© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Detectors
- Enhanced Performance Analysis of Inter-aircraft Optical Wireless Communication Link Using Array of Photodetectors
- Devices
- Very Flat Optical Frequency Comb Generation based on Polarization Modulator and Recirculation Frequency Shifter
- All-Optical Half-Adder Circuit Based on Beam Interference Principle of Photonic Crystal
- Networks
- Maximization Network Throughput Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm and Network Coding for Optical Multicast Networks
- Systems
- Review of Microwave Photonics Technique to Generate the Microwave Signal by Using Photonics Technology
- Performance Investigation of FSO–OFDM Communication Systems under the Heavy Rain Weather
- Bi-orthogonal Symbol Mapping and Detection in Optical CDMA Communication System
- Modeling and Performance Analysis of 10 Gbps Inter-satellite Optical Wireless Communication Link
- High-speed and Long-reach Hybrid AMI–WDM–PI Inter-satellite Communication System
- Transmitter Spatial Diversity for FSO Uplink in Presence of Atmospheric Turbulence and Weather Conditions for Different IM Schemes
- Channel Model Optimization with Reflection Residual Component for Indoor MIMO-VLC System
- Performance Enhancement of Ultra High Capacity 2.5 Tbps DWDM System Using DCF and Optimized Modulation Format
- High Speed Inter-Satellite Communication System by Incorporating Hybrid Polarization-Wavelength Division Multiplexing Scheme
- Performance Analysis of Amplify-and-Forward Relaying FSO/SC-QAM Systems over Weak Turbulence Channels and Pointing Error Impairments
- Optimizing Parameters of an Optical Link by Using Genetic Algorithms
- Impact of Various Parameters on the Performance of Inter-aircraft Optical Wireless Communication Link
- Theory
- A Unified Approach for Calculating Error Rates of 10 Gbps WDM Network in Presence of Higher Order Dispersion
- Influence of Transmitting Pointing Errors on High Speed WDM-AMI-Is-OWC Transmission System
- Lasers
- Generation of Flattened Multicarrier Signals from a Single Laser Source for 330 Gbps WDM-PON Transmission over 25 km SSMF
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Detectors
- Enhanced Performance Analysis of Inter-aircraft Optical Wireless Communication Link Using Array of Photodetectors
- Devices
- Very Flat Optical Frequency Comb Generation based on Polarization Modulator and Recirculation Frequency Shifter
- All-Optical Half-Adder Circuit Based on Beam Interference Principle of Photonic Crystal
- Networks
- Maximization Network Throughput Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm and Network Coding for Optical Multicast Networks
- Systems
- Review of Microwave Photonics Technique to Generate the Microwave Signal by Using Photonics Technology
- Performance Investigation of FSO–OFDM Communication Systems under the Heavy Rain Weather
- Bi-orthogonal Symbol Mapping and Detection in Optical CDMA Communication System
- Modeling and Performance Analysis of 10 Gbps Inter-satellite Optical Wireless Communication Link
- High-speed and Long-reach Hybrid AMI–WDM–PI Inter-satellite Communication System
- Transmitter Spatial Diversity for FSO Uplink in Presence of Atmospheric Turbulence and Weather Conditions for Different IM Schemes
- Channel Model Optimization with Reflection Residual Component for Indoor MIMO-VLC System
- Performance Enhancement of Ultra High Capacity 2.5 Tbps DWDM System Using DCF and Optimized Modulation Format
- High Speed Inter-Satellite Communication System by Incorporating Hybrid Polarization-Wavelength Division Multiplexing Scheme
- Performance Analysis of Amplify-and-Forward Relaying FSO/SC-QAM Systems over Weak Turbulence Channels and Pointing Error Impairments
- Optimizing Parameters of an Optical Link by Using Genetic Algorithms
- Impact of Various Parameters on the Performance of Inter-aircraft Optical Wireless Communication Link
- Theory
- A Unified Approach for Calculating Error Rates of 10 Gbps WDM Network in Presence of Higher Order Dispersion
- Influence of Transmitting Pointing Errors on High Speed WDM-AMI-Is-OWC Transmission System
- Lasers
- Generation of Flattened Multicarrier Signals from a Single Laser Source for 330 Gbps WDM-PON Transmission over 25 km SSMF