Modulatory effects of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) leaf extract against oxidative stress and hepatic TNF-α gene expression in acute diazinon-induced liver injury in rats

Arezoo Ahmadi; Esfandiar Heidarian; Keihan Ghatreh-Samani

doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0180

Article

Modulatory effects of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) leaf extract against oxidative stress and hepatic TNF-α gene expression in acute diazinon-induced liver injury in rats

Arezoo Ahmadi , Esfandiar Heidarian and Keihan Ghatreh-Samani

Published/Copyright: August 30, 2019

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From the journal Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology Volume 30 Issue 5

Abstract

Background

Diazinon (DZN) causes serious liver damage in both humans and animals. In the present study, the hepatoprotective effects of Cynara scolymus L. leaf extract against DZN-induced liver injury were examined.

Methods

Forty male rats were divided into five groups. The control group received a normal diet. The DZN group received DZN only (25 mg/kg, po). The DZN + Syl group received DZN (25 mg/kg, po) and silymarin (Syl) (50 mg/kg, po). The DZN + Art group received DZN (25 mg/kg, po) and artichoke (Art) leaf extract (1500 mg/kg, po). The Art group received Art leaf extract only (1500 mg/kg, po). After 15 days, serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lipid profile, protein carbonyl content, serum and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), hepatic TNF-α gene expression, hepatic catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and vitamin C (Vit C) were measured and histopathological examination was performed.

Results

DZN caused a significant elevation in serum ALP, AST, ALT, MDA, TNF-α, protein carbonyl, hepatic MDA, and TNF-α gene expression in the DZN group as opposed to the control group. Also, DZN led to the reduction of hepatic CAT, SOD, and Vit C in the DZN group relative to the control group. The administration of Art extract resulted in not only a significant reduction in serum ALP, AST, ALT, MDA, TNF-α, and protein carbonyl but also an improvement of liver histopathological changes and hepatic CAT and SOD activities as opposed to the DZN group.

Conclusions

This study confirmed that Art leaf extract has liver protective effects and causes downregulation of oxidative stress in acute DZN-induced liver injury in rats.

Keywords: artichoke; Cynara scolymus L; diazinon; liver damage; oxidative stress; TNF-α

Acknowledgments

We would like to express our gratitude to those who have helped us in the Clinical Biochemistry Research Center of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. The results described in this paper are also presented in the MS dissertation of Ms. Arezoo Ahmadi.

Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved its submission.
Research funding: This study was funded by Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences (grant no. 2206), Shahrekord, Iran. The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: Authors state no potential conflict of interest.
Ethical approval: Research involving animals complies with all relevant national regulations and institutional policies for the care and use of animals. All the methods were approved by the Ethics Committee of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran (ethic no. IR. SKUMS. REC. 1395. 151).

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Received: 2018-10-11

Accepted: 2019-06-18

Published Online: 2019-08-30

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0180

Keywords for this article

artichoke; Cynara scolymus L; diazinon; liver damage; oxidative stress; TNF-α