The effect of nicotine and cotinine on human gingival fibroblasts attachment to root surfaces
-
Zeinab Rezaei Esfahrood
and
Maryam Abrishami
Abstract
Background: Different compounds of smoking (e.g., nicotine and cotinine) are risk factors for various diseases such as oral cancer and periodontal diseases. Some studies reported the negative effects of nicotine on cell proliferation and differentiation. The present in vitro study assessed the effects of nicotine and cotinine (long-acting metabolite of nicotine) on the attachment and viability of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells to tooth root surfaces.
Methods: A total of 70 teeth specimens were placed into 48-well culture plates and covered with HGF cell suspension, in complete Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium culture medium containing 1 nM, 1 μm, 1 mM, and 5 mM of nicotine and cotinine concentrations. Cellular attachment and viability measured using an MTT assay and a scanning electron microscope were used for cell morphological evaluation.
Results: After 24 h, low (nanomolar and micromolar) and high concentrations (millimolar) of nicotine and cotinine caused a significant reduction in the initial cell adhesion in comparison with the control group, but no significant difference was observed between the nicotine and the cotinine groups (p<0.05). Dentally attached cells with low concentrations of nicotine and cotinine proliferated 48 h after exposure, the same as the control group. However, dentally attached cells with high concentrations of nicotine and cotinine (especially 5 mM) did not proliferate 24 h after exposure (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Low concentrations of nicotine and cotinine caused a reduction in the initial cell adhesion. However, no significant adverse effects on the proliferation of attached cells were seen in the longer period. High concentrations of nicotine and cotinine have adverse effects on the cell adhesion and proliferation of HGF cells.
Acknowledgments
This paper was taken from a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Dentistry in International Branch at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran-Iran.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Implications of sodium hydrogen exchangers in various brain diseases
- Mini Review
- A perspective on role of calcium and vitamin D in cardiovascular outcomes and lipid profile
- Cardiovascular Function
- Space weather and human deaths distribution: 25 years’ observation (Lithuania, 1989–2013)
- Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Interactions
- Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of theophylline and doxofylline in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Oxidative Stress
- Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of stems of Smilax zeylanica in vitro
- Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of hydromethanolic extract of Daniella oliveri leaves in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
- Inhibition of metalloproteinase and proteasome activities in colon cancer cells by citrus peel extracts
- Inflammation
- Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Tectona grandis Linn. stem extract
- Cyperus rotundus L. prevents non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastric mucosal damage by inhibiting oxidative stress
- Evaluation of the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, phytochemical and toxicological properties of the methanolic leaf extract of commercially processed Moringa oleifera in some laboratory animals
- Jobelyn® exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and membrane-stabilizing activities in experimental models
- Phytotherapy
- Effect of Saraca asoca (Asoka) on estradiol-induced keratinizing metaplasia in rat uterus
- Others
- The effect of nicotine and cotinine on human gingival fibroblasts attachment to root surfaces
- Congress Abstracts
- Israel Society for Auditory Research (ISAR) 2015 Annual Scientific Conference
