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Physical effect of ultrasonic on leaching system of zinc oxide dust containing germanium

  • Ming Liang , Haokai Di , Yan Hong , Yiner Zeng , Leiting Song , Junchang Liu , Kun Yang ORCID logo EMAIL logo and Libo Zhang EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: September 27, 2023
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International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering
From the journal International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering Volume 21 Issue 11

Abstract

Insufficient reaction between dust and sulfuric acid during leaching of zinc oxide dust containing germanium is a major reason for the low leaching efficiency of germanium. This paper makes use of the unique physical effect of ultrasonic wave to play an important role in strengthening the leaching process. Research found that with ultrasonic enhanced leaching, on the one hand, the surface tension and viscosity of the leaching solution decreased by 5.94  and 32.73 %, respectively; on the other hand, for the leached mineral, the contact angle decreases, the surface free energy increases by 9.43 %, the particle size decreases 40.92 %, and the specific surface area and pore volume respectively increase 94.10  and 54.05 %, which reduces the contact resistance between sulfuric acid and dust, making the reaction between them more completely and in-depth. Therefore, the leaching rate is accelerated and the germanium leaching efficiency is increased. Under ultrasonic condition, the leaching efficiency of germanium is enhanced by 3.94 % and the time to reach equilibrium is shortened by about 40.00 %. The above findings can provide theoretical guidance for the extended application of ultrasound in hydrometallurgy and the efficient leaching of germanium-containing zinc oxide dust.

Keywords: ultrasonic; physical effect; germanium; zinc oxide dust; leaching
Corresponding authors: Kun Yang and Libo Zhang, State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; and Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China, E-mail: (K. Yang), (L. Zhang)

Funding source: National Key Research and Development Program of China

Award Identifier / Grant number: 2021YFC2902803

Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China

Award Identifier / Grant number: 51974141

Funding source: Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province

Award Identifier / Grant number: 202202AB080005

  1. Research ethics: This research project has been approved by the relevant ethics committee or institution and operated strictly in accordance with ethical standards. In this study, we respected and protected the rights and privacy of participants, and ensured the confidentiality of their personal information.

  2. Author contributions: Ming Liang: conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, writing - original draft, visualization. Haokai Di: methodology, formal analysis, investigation, writing - original draft, visualization. Yan Hong: conceptualization, writing - original draft, visualization. Yiner Zeng: conceptualization, methodology, validation, resources, writing - original draft, visualization, supervision. Leiting Song: conceptualization, methodology, resources, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition. Junchang Liu: conceptualization, methodology, resources, supervision, project administration. Kun Yang: conceptualization, methodology, resources, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition. Libo Zhang: conceptualization, methodology, resources, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition.

  3. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

  4. Research funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 51974141], Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province (202202AB080005) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China [grant number 2021YFC2902803].

  5. Data availability: The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.

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Received: 2023-02-24
Accepted: 2023-09-18
Published Online: 2023-09-27

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2023-0042
Keywords for this article
ultrasonic; physical effect; germanium; zinc oxide dust; leaching

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Articles
  3. Single and multi-objective dynamic optimization study of an industrial scale fed batch reactor
  4. Temperature sensor location for the implementation of cascade control schemes in distillation columns: an approach based on multiscale time series analysis
  5. Simulation investigation of the effect of heating temperature and porosity of porous media on the water evaporation process
  6. The research of a novel flocculant mainly prepared by Moringa seed meal
  7. Numerical simulation of solid–liquid mixing characteristics in a tank stirred by an improved double-layer 4-pitched blades impeller
  8. Hybrid-modeling for PTFE polymerization reaction with deep learning-based reaction rate model
  9. IMC-based fractional order TID controller design for different time-delayed chemical processes: case studies on a reactor model
  10. Conversion of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic particles in a microwave-assisted heating reactor
  11. Physical effect of ultrasonic on leaching system of zinc oxide dust containing germanium
  12. Numerical simulation of fluid flow in microchannels with induced irregularities
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