Abstract
Scholarship on novice language teachers has often overlooked how novices comparatively develop personalized trajectories in the initial years. This study views novice-ness through the lens of identity construction and examines how three Iranian English language teachers in the first, second, and third years of teaching comparatively constructed their teacher identities. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, post-class discussions, and reflective journals. Data analyses revealed that the teachersʼ identity construction featured similarities (emotion labor, agency conflicts, and identity standard tensions) and differences (sense of belonging, future selves, and resistance). The study demonstrates that novice teachers’ identity construction is influenced by power relations and contextual discourses as well as particularities, which collectively, underscore the importance of reconceptualizing novice-ness in light of teachers’ identity-related professional development.
-
Research funding: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
-
Ethical approval: We declare that all the ethical considerations have been met regarding data collection, participant approval, and institutional permissions.
-
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Appendix: Interviews
Round 1
Please tell me about yourself, your language learning experiences, and your personality as a teacher.
How do you feel about being a teacher? What do you think about the challenges and benefits and the way they influence you?
How do you describe effective teaching and learning? Please explain.
How does your background as a teacher has and will influence you and your current and future perceptions about teaching?
What is effective teaching and a good teacher? Please explain.
How do your relationships with students, colleagues, supervisors, and parents influence your perceptions about yourself as a teacher?
Round 2
How do you now describe your relationships with school members including colleagues, students, and supervisors? How have they influenced you?
How has your increased experience influenced you as a teacher? How does your teaching play a role in this development?
Please tell me about how your teaching influences your ability to implement your ideas, your emotions as a teacher, and your understanding of yourself?
Generally, how do you see the role of different factors such as your classes, institutional policies, and being an Iranian teacher in your perceptions about yourself and your profession?
Round 3
Please tell me about the year that has passed. How do you see yourself as a teacher in the past year? What factors characterize you?
What kinds of tensions and conflicts have you experienced in the past year? Please explain.
How have the tensions and conflicts influenced your ability to implement your ideas, your emotions, and your perceptions about yourself?
How do you see the role of different factors influencing your teaching in your perceptions about yourself?
References
Afreen, Asma & Bonny Norton. 2022. Bangla and the identity of the heritage language teacher. Educational Linguistics 1(1). 152–178. https://doi.org/10.1515/eduling-2021-0008.Search in Google Scholar
Avalos-Rivera, Alys D. 2019. The role of students in the professional identity negotiations of a Mexican EFL teacher. Journal of Language, Identity & Education 8(1). 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2019.1673754.Search in Google Scholar
Barkhuizen, Gary. 2016. A short story approach to analyzing teacher (imagined) identities over time. TESOL Quarterly 50(3). 655–683. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.311.Search in Google Scholar
Benesch, Sarah. 2017. Emotions in English language teaching: Exploring teachers’ emotion labor. Routledge: Taylor & Francis.10.4324/9781315736181Search in Google Scholar
Borg, Simon. 2003. Teacher cognition in language teaching: A review of research on what language teachers think, know, believe, and do. Language Teaching 36(2). 81–109. https://doi.org/10.11017.S0261444803001903.10.1017/S0261444803001903Search in Google Scholar
Braun, Virginia & Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 37. 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.Search in Google Scholar
Clarke, Matthew. 2009. The ethico-politics of teacher identity. Educational Philosophy and Theory 41(2). 185–200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2008.00420.x.Search in Google Scholar
Cook, Jennifer S. 2009. “Coming into my own as a teacher”: Identity, disequilibrium, and the first year of teaching. The New Educator 5(4). 274–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/1547688X.2009.10399580.Search in Google Scholar
Creswell, John W. 2014. A concise introduction to mixed methods research. London: SAGE Publications.Search in Google Scholar
De Costa, Peter I. & Bonny Norton. 2017. Introduction: Identity, transdisciplinarity, and the good language teacher. The Modern Language Journal 101(S1). 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12368.Search in Google Scholar
De Costa, Peter I. & Curtis Green-Eneix. 2022. Identity in SLA and second language teacher education. In H. Mohebbi & C. Coombe (eds.), Research questions in language education and applied linguistics: A reference guide, 537–542. Cham: Springer.10.1007/978-3-030-79143-8_94Search in Google Scholar
Derakhshan, Ali & Mostafa, Nazari. 2022. “I am Fed Up with the Criticisms”: Examining the Role of Emotional Critical Incidents in a Novice Teacher’s Identity Construction. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-022-00666-1.Search in Google Scholar
Eslamdoost, Samaneh, Kendall A. King & Zia Tajeddin. 2020. Professional identity conflict and (re) construction among English teachers in Iran. Journal of Language, Identity & Education 19(5). 327–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2019.1676157.Search in Google Scholar
Fairley, Maria J. 2020. Conceptualizing language teacher education centered on language teacher identity development: a competencies‐based approach and practical applications. TESOL Quarterly 54(4). 1037–1064. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.568.Search in Google Scholar
Farrell, Thomas S. 2012. Novice service language teacher development: Bridging the gap between preservice and in-service education and development. TESOL Quarterly 46(3). 435–449. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.36.Search in Google Scholar
Farrell, Thomas S. 2016. Surviving the transition shock in the first year of teaching through reflective practice. System 61(1). 12–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2016.07.005.Search in Google Scholar
Feryok, Anne & Ruhollah Askaribigdeli. 2019. A novice TESOL teacher’s professional identity and evolving commitment. TESOL Journal 10(4). 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.497.Search in Google Scholar
Freeman, Donald. 2001. Second language teacher education. In David Nunan & Ronald Carter (eds.), The Cambridge guide to teaching English to speakers of other languages, 72–79. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511667206.011Search in Google Scholar
Gatbonton, Elizabeth. 2008. Looking beyond teachers’ classroom behavior: Novice and experienced ESL teachers’ pedagogical knowledge. Language Teaching Research 12(2). 161–182. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168807086286.Search in Google Scholar
Goktepe, Fatma Tokoz & Naciye Kunt. 2021. “I’ll do it in my own class”: Novice language teacher identity construction in Turkey. Asia Pacific Journal of Education 10(9). 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2020.1815648.Search in Google Scholar
Gu, Mingyue& Phil Benson. 2015. The formation of English teacher identities: A cross-cultural investigation. Language Teaching Research 19(2). 187–206. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168814541725.Search in Google Scholar
Haneda, Mari & Brandon Sherman. 2016. A job-crafting perspective on teacher agentive action. TESOL Quarterly 50(3). 745–754. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.318.Search in Google Scholar
Harré, Rom. 2012. Positioning theory: Moral dimensions of social-cultural psychology. In Jaan Valsiner (ed.), The Oxford handbook of culture and psychology, 191–206. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195396430.013.0010Search in Google Scholar
Harré, Rom & Luk van Langenhove. 1999. Positioning theory. New York, NY: Blackwell Publishers.Search in Google Scholar
Huang, Jing, Yi Wang & Feng Teng. 2021. Understanding changes in teacher beliefs and identity formation: A case study of three novice teachers in Hong Kong. Teaching Education 32(2). 193–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/10476210.2019.1693535.Search in Google Scholar
Jiang, Lianjiang, Kaiho Yuan & Shulin Yu. 2021. Transitioning from pre-service to novice: A study on Macau EFL teachers’ identity change. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher 30(1). 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-020-00510-4.Search in Google Scholar
Kanno, Yasuko & Christian Stuart. 2011. Learning to become a second language teacher: Identities‐in‐practice. The Modern Language Journal 95(2). 236–252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2011.01178.x.Search in Google Scholar
Karimi, Mohammad Nabi & Mahdieh Mofidi. 2019. L2 teacher identity development: An activity theoretic perspective. System 81. 122–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2019.02.006.Search in Google Scholar
Kayi-Aydar, Hayriey. 2015. Teacher agency, positioning, and English language learners: Voices of pre-service classroom teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education 4594-103. 94–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2014.09.009.Search in Google Scholar
Kayi-Aydar, Hayriye. 2019. Language teacher identity. Language Teaching 52(3). 281–295. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444819000223.Search in Google Scholar
Kocabas-Gedik, Pinar & Deniz Ortaçtepe Hart. 2021. “It’s not like that at all”: A poststructuralist case study on language teacher identity and emotional labor. Journal of Language, Identity and Education 20(2). 103–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2020.1726756.Search in Google Scholar
Li, Li. 2020. Novice teachers’ discursive construction of their identity: Insights from foreign language classrooms. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research 8(3). 57–76. https://doi.org/10.30466/IJLTR.2020.120934.Search in Google Scholar
Li, Wendy & Peter, I. 2018. Exploring novice EFL teachers’ identity development: A case study of two EFL teachers in China. In S. Mercer & A. Koustoulas (eds.), Language teacher psychology, 86–104. De Costa: Multilingual Matters.10.21832/9781783099467-010Search in Google Scholar
Liu, Yongcan & Linda Fisher. 2006. The development patterns of modern foreign language student teachers’ conceptions of self and their explanations about change: Three cases. Teacher Development 10(3). 343–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530600922203.Search in Google Scholar
Mann, Steve & Elaine Hua Hing Tang. 2012. The role of mentoring in supporting novice English language teachers in Hong Kong. TESOL Quarterly 46(3). 472–495. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.38.Search in Google Scholar
Merriam, Sharan B. 2009. Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. New Jersey, NJ: Jossey-Bass.Search in Google Scholar
Mockler, Nicole. 2011. Beyond ‘what works’: Understanding teacher identity as a practical and political tool. Teachers and Teaching 17(5). 517–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2011.602059.Search in Google Scholar
Nazari, Mostafa & Khazar, Molana. 2020. “If i go back, i would never tell the manager that i am stressed out”: Novice TESOL teacher identity development. The Journal of Asia TEFL 17(4). 1488–1496.10.18823/asiatefl.2020.17.4.25.1488Search in Google Scholar
Nazari, Mostafa & Peter I. De Costa. 2021. Contributions of a professional development course to language teacher identity development critical incidents in focus. Journal of Teacher Education 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/00224871211059160.10.1177/00224871211059160Search in Google Scholar
Nieto, Guerrero, Helena Carmen & Bryan Meadows. 2015. Global professional identity in deterretorialized spaces: A case study of a critical dialogue between expert and novice nonnative English speaker teachers. Profile: Issues in Teachers Professional Development 17(2). 13–27. https://doi.org/10.15446/profile.v17n2.44194.Search in Google Scholar
Norton, Bonny & Peter I. De Costa. 2019. Language teacher identities in teacher education. In Gary Barkhuizen (ed.), Qualitative research topics in language teacher education, 76–80. London: Routledge.10.4324/9780429461347-12Search in Google Scholar
Pennington, Martha C. & Jack C. Richards. 2016. Teacher identity in language teaching: Integrating personal, contextual, and professional factors. RELC Journal 47(1). 5–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688216631219.Search in Google Scholar
Raman, Yagmur & Nur Yiğitoğlu. 2018. Justifying code switching through the lens of teacher identities: novice EFL teachers’ perceptions. Quality & Quantity 52(5). 2079–2092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0617-1.Search in Google Scholar
Reeves, Jenelle. 2009. Teacher investment in learner identity. Teaching and Teacher Education 25(1). 34–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2008.06.003.Search in Google Scholar
Richards, Jack C. 2021. Teacher, learner and student-teacher identity in TESOL. RELC Journal 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688221991308.Search in Google Scholar
Richards, Jack C. & David Bohlke. 2011. Four corners. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Richards, Jack C. & Chuck Sandy. 2014. Passages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Ruohotie-Lyhty, Maria. 2013. Struggling for a professional identity: Two newly qualified language teachers’ identity narratives during the first years at work. Teaching and Teacher Education 30(1). 120–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2012.11.002.Search in Google Scholar
Shin, Sang-Keun. 2012. “It cannot be done alone”: The socialization of novice English teachers in South Korea. TESOL Quarterly 46(3). 542–567. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.41.Search in Google Scholar
Simmons, Naomi. 2008. Family and friends. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Tsui, Amy B. 2005. Expertise in teaching: Perspectives and issues. In Keith Johnson (ed.), Expertise in second language learning and teaching, 167–189. London: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1057/9780230523470_9Search in Google Scholar
Tsui, Amy B. 2007. Complexities of identity formation: A narrative inquiry of an EFL teacher. TESOL Quarterly 41(4). 657–680. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1545-7249.2007.tb00098.x.Search in Google Scholar
Tsui, Amy B. 2009. Teaching expertise: Approaches, perspectives, and characterizations. In Anne Burns & Jack Richards (eds.), The Cambridge guide to second language teacher education, 190–197. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/9781139042710.025Search in Google Scholar
Varghese, Manka M. & Rachel Snyder. 2018. Critically examining the agency and professional identity development of novice dual language teachers through figured worlds. International Multilingual Research Journal 12(3). 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/19313152.2018.1474060.Search in Google Scholar
Varghese, Manka M., Brian Morgan, Bill Johnston & Kimberly A. Johnson. 2005. Theorizing language teacher identity: Three perspectives and beyond. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education 4(1). 21–44. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327701jlie0401_2.Search in Google Scholar
Vásquez, Camilla & Alfredo Urzúa. 2009. Reported speech and reported mental states in mentoring meetings: Exploring novice teacher identities. Research on Language and Social Interaction 42(1). 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351810802671693.Search in Google Scholar
Wenger, Etienne. 1998. Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511803932Search in Google Scholar
Wolff, Dominik & Peter I. De Costa. 2017. Expanding the language teacher identity landscape: An investigation of the emotions and strategies of a NNEST. The Modern Language Journal 101(S1). 76–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12370.Search in Google Scholar
Xu, Hao. 2012. Imagined community falling apart: A case study on the transformation of professional identities of novice ESOL teachers in China. TESOL Quarterly 46(3). 568–578. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.43.Search in Google Scholar
Xu, Hao. 2013. From the imagined to the practiced: A case study on novice EFL teachers’ professional identity change in China. Teaching and Teacher Education 31(2). 79–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2013.01.006.Search in Google Scholar
Yazan, Bedrettin & Kristen Lindahl. 2020. Language teacher learning and practice as identity work. In Bedrettin Yazan & Kristen Lindahl (eds.), Language teacher identity in TESOL, 1–10. London: Routledge.10.4324/9780429342875-1Search in Google Scholar
© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Novice language teacher identity construction: similarities, differences, and beyond
- The expectations-reality dissonance in student teaching: a discourse analysis of one pre-service teacher’s perspective
- The knowledge-rich project, coloniality, and the preservation of whiteness in schools: a raciolinguistic perspective
- Quantity and quality of literacy instruction for English language learners in Indiana elementary schools
- Plurilingual Chinese learners of French Lx: agentic assembling of semiotic resources for learning
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Novice language teacher identity construction: similarities, differences, and beyond
- The expectations-reality dissonance in student teaching: a discourse analysis of one pre-service teacher’s perspective
- The knowledge-rich project, coloniality, and the preservation of whiteness in schools: a raciolinguistic perspective
- Quantity and quality of literacy instruction for English language learners in Indiana elementary schools
- Plurilingual Chinese learners of French Lx: agentic assembling of semiotic resources for learning