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The role of melatonin and carnosine in prevention of oxidative intestinal injury induced by gamma irradiation in rats

  • Omur Karabulut-Bulan EMAIL logo , Huseyin Us , Bertan Boran Bayrak , Ayca Sezen-Us and Refiye Yanardag
Published/Copyright: August 31, 2017
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Biologia
From the journal Biologia Volume 72 Issue 8

Abstract

Exposure of biological materials to ionizing irradiation causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The current study aimed to investigate whether melatonin or carnosine could provide protection against irradiation-induced small intestinal damage. Forty Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups. Melatonin, carnosine, and combination of carnosine and melatonin were injected into rats in the third, fourth, and fifth groups, respectively. Rats were injected three times every 48 hours. All groups, excluding the control group, were exposed to a dose of 8 Gray whole body gamma irradiation one hour after the second injection. It was determined that irradiation caused degenerative changes in the intestinal tissues, reduced PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) -positive cell number, and increased caspase-3- and TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor alpha) -positive crypt cell numbers. Results obtained from antioxidant-treated groups were similar to those from the control group. Lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels as well as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, myeloperoxidase, lactate dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase activities were increased. However, catalase, sodium potassium ATPase activities and glutathione levels were decreased in the irradiated group of animals. Treatment with antioxidants reversed these changes. It is suggested that exogenous melatonin, carnosine, and melatonin+carnosine combination exhibit protective effects against irradiation-induced small intestinal damage.

Key words: irradiation; antioxidants; small intestine; oxidative stress; tissue damage

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by The Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University (Project No: 18248; BYP: 54474; UDP: 57652).

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Received: 2017-2-5
Accepted: 2017-5-12
Published Online: 2017-8-31
Published in Print: 2017-8-28

© 2017 Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences

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https://doi.org/10.1515/biolog-2017-0092
Keywords for this article
irradiation; antioxidants; small intestine; oxidative stress; tissue damage

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