Picosecond imaging of signal propagation in integrated circuits
-
Sven Frohmann
,
Enrico Dietz
Abstract:
Optical analysis of integrated circuits (IC) is a powerful tool for analyzing security functions that are implemented in an IC. We present a photon emission microscope for picosecond imaging of hot carrier luminescence in ICs in the near-infrared spectral range from 900 to 1700 nm. It allows for a semi-invasive signal tracking in fully operational ICs on the gate or transistor level with a timing precision of approximately 6 ps. The capabilities of the microscope are demonstrated by imaging the operation of two ICs made by 180 and 60 nm process technology.
Acknowledgments
H.D. acknowledges support from the Helmholtz Research School on Security Technologies.
Funding: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF); The IKT2020 Program (16KIS0014).
References
[1] R. Newman, Phys. Rev. 100, 700–703 (1955).10.1103/PhysRev.100.700Search in Google Scholar
[2] J. Bude, N. Sano and A. Yoshii, Phys. Rev. B 45, 5848 (1992).10.1103/PhysRevB.45.5848Search in Google Scholar
[3] A. L. Lacaita, F. Zappa, S. Bigliardi and M. Manfredi, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 40, 577–582 (1993).10.1109/16.199363Search in Google Scholar
[4] C. Boit, Microelectronics Failure Analysis Desk Reference, 6th ed. (ASM International, OH, USA, 2011) pp. 297–291.Search in Google Scholar
[5] J. C. Tsang, J. A. Kash and D. P. Vallett, IBM J. Res. Dev. 44, 583–603 (2000).10.1147/rd.444.0583Search in Google Scholar
[6] A. Schlösser, E. Dietz, S. Frohmann and S. Orlic, Meas. Sci. Technol. 24, 035102-5 (2013).10.1088/0957-0233/24/3/035102Search in Google Scholar
[7] http://www.hamamatsu.com/resources/pdf/sys/SSMS0005E_TriPHEMOS.pdf (2017).Search in Google Scholar
[8] S. Skorobogatov, Workshop on Fault Diagnosis and Tolerance in Cryptography, (FDTC, 2009), pp. 111–119.10.1109/FDTC.2009.39Search in Google Scholar
[9] A. Schlösser, D. Nedospasov, J. Krämer and J.-P. Seifert, J. Cryptogr. Eng. 3, 3–15 (2013).10.1007/s13389-013-0053-7Search in Google Scholar
[10] J. Krämer, D. Nedospasov, A. Schlösser and J.-P. Seifert, Construct. Side-Channel Anal. Secure Des. 7864, 1–16 (2013).10.1007/978-3-642-40026-1_1Search in Google Scholar
[11] S. Tajik, E. Dietz, S. Frohmann, H. Dittrich, D. Nedospasov, et al., J. Cryptol. 30, 550–571 (2017).10.1007/s00145-016-9228-6Search in Google Scholar
[12] J. A. Rowlette, E. B. Varner, S. Seidel and I. C. Bailon, 16th Annu. Meet. IEEE Lasers Electro-Opt. Soc. 2, 740–741 (2003).Search in Google Scholar
[13] http://www.andor.com/scientific-cameras/ikon-xl-and-ikon-large-ccd-series/ikon-m-934 (2017).Search in Google Scholar
[14] C. M. Natarajan, M. G. Tanner and R. H. Hadfield, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 25, 063001 (2012).10.1088/0953-2048/25/6/063001Search in Google Scholar
[15] F. Marsili, V. B. Verma, J. A. Stern, S. Harrington, A. E. Lita, et al., Nat. Photonics 7, 210–214 (2013).10.1038/nphoton.2013.13Search in Google Scholar
[16] W. Becker, ISBN: 978-3-319-14928-8 (Springer International Publishing, 2015)Search in Google Scholar
[17] D. Vallet, Microelectronics Failure Analysis Desk Reference, 6th ed. (ASM International, 2011), pp. 292–300.Search in Google Scholar
[18] H. Nakyay, Y. Komiyama, N. Kashikawa, T. Uchida, T. Nagayama, et al., Proc. SPIE 9915, 99151O (2016).10.1117/12.2231169Search in Google Scholar
©2017 THOSS Media & De Gruyter
Articles in the same Issue
- Cover and Frontmatter
- Community
- Conference Notes
- News from the European Optical Society EOS
- Topical Issue: Photonics in Security Systems
- Editorial
- Photonics in security systems
- Review Article
- Hyperspectral imaging: future applications in security systems
- Letter
- Development of an open-path gas analyser for plume detection in security applications
- Research Articles
- Standoff detection and classification of bacteria by multispectral laser-induced fluorescence
- Hyperspectral data acquisition and analysis in imaging and real-time active MIR backscattering spectroscopy
- High peak-power laser system tuneable from 8 to 10 μm
- Mid-infrared laser beam steering based on Fourier transform OPO
- Adaptive holographic interferometer based on optically addressed spatial light modulator for high-sensitivity optical fiber sensing
- IPS – a vision aided navigation system
- Ga-La-S-Se glass for visible and thermal imaging
- Picosecond imaging of signal propagation in integrated circuits
Articles in the same Issue
- Cover and Frontmatter
- Community
- Conference Notes
- News from the European Optical Society EOS
- Topical Issue: Photonics in Security Systems
- Editorial
- Photonics in security systems
- Review Article
- Hyperspectral imaging: future applications in security systems
- Letter
- Development of an open-path gas analyser for plume detection in security applications
- Research Articles
- Standoff detection and classification of bacteria by multispectral laser-induced fluorescence
- Hyperspectral data acquisition and analysis in imaging and real-time active MIR backscattering spectroscopy
- High peak-power laser system tuneable from 8 to 10 μm
- Mid-infrared laser beam steering based on Fourier transform OPO
- Adaptive holographic interferometer based on optically addressed spatial light modulator for high-sensitivity optical fiber sensing
- IPS – a vision aided navigation system
- Ga-La-S-Se glass for visible and thermal imaging
- Picosecond imaging of signal propagation in integrated circuits
