Artificial Intelligence
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Alfred Essa
About this book
Artificial Intelligence: Shaping the Future of Innovation provides a concise non-technical introduction to artificial intelligence as the key driver of innovation in the new economy. The book positions AI as a General Purpose Technology, vital for driving advancements across all sectors of business, government, and society.
Written for leaders, innovators, and decision-makers, this book bridges the gap between technical complexity and practical application, demystifying AI's core concepts while illuminating its catalytic impact across industries and organizations. Through a careful examination of innovation dynamics, computational foundations, and core AI principles, readers will gain the essential knowledge needed to both understand and effectively navigate the AI landscape.
This succinct guide makes technical concepts accessible—from algorithms and machine learning to deep learning and generative AI—giving leaders the clarity they need to engage confidently with AI technology.
- Provides a thorough yet accessible introduction to AI
- Emphasizes real-world applications and the ethical dimensions of AI
- Provides a conceptual framework for leveraging AI to drive innovation across various sectors
Author / Editor information
Alfred Essa has led pioneering AI and advanced analytics teams across academia and industry. As Simon Fellow at Carnegie Mellon University, VP of Analytics and R&D at McGraw Hill Education, and CIO at MIT's Sloan School of Management, he has consistently bridged the gap between theoretical innovation and practical implementation. His most recent book is Practical AI for Business Leaders, Product Managers, and Entrepreneurs. Essa has published more than 25 research papers spanning adaptive learning systems, risk analytics, and innovative approaches to data visualization using predictive model ensembles. He holds degrees from Haverford College and Yale University.
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Frontmatter
I -
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Dedication
V -
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Preface
VII -
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Contents
XIII - Part I Innovation
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1 Innovation Dynamics: AI’s Transformative Potential
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2 Innovation Culture: Igniting AI Creativity in Organizations
14 - Part II Computation
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3 Algorithms: The Logic of Computing
27 -
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4 Architecture: How Computers Work
35 - Part III Machine Learning
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5 Machine Learning: Learning from Data
47 -
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6 Classification: Predicting Categories (Case Study)
58 -
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7 Regression: Predicting Continuous Values (Case Study)
68 - Part IV Deep Learning
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8 Deep Learning: The Big Picture
83 -
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9 Deep Learning: Under the Hood
92 - Part V Generative AI
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10 Foundation Models: Large Language Model Basics
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11 Foundation Models: How Large Language Models Become Smart
121 -
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12 Expert Models: Grounding AI in Trusted Knowledge
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13 Agentic AI: From Knowledge to Action
149 - Part VI Risk
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14 System Failures: Why and How AI Makes Mistakes
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15 Catastrophic Accidents: How to Identify and Address Major Failures
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16 Risk Across the Action Boundary: From Passive to Agentic Systems
180 -
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Bibliography
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List of Figures
191 -
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List of Tables
197 -
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Index
199
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10785 Berlin
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