CHAPTER TWELVE. Mubarak’s Egypt

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. CONTENTS v
3. ILLUSTRATIONS vii
4. CREDITS ix
5. PREFACE xi
6. CHAPTER ONE. The Land and People 1
7. CHAPTER TWO. Egypt during the Old Kingdom 26
8. CHAPTER THREE. The Middle and New Kingdoms 51
9. CHAPTER FOUR. Nubians, Greeks, and Romans, circa 1200 BCE–632 CE 80
10. CHAPTER FIVE. Christian Egypt 105
11. CHAPTER SIX. Egypt within Islamic Empires, 639–969 122
12. CHAPTER SEVEN. Fatimids, Ayyubids, and Mamluks, 969–1517 146
13. CHAPTER EIGHT. Ottoman Egypt, 1517–1798 174
14. CHAPTER NINE. Napoleon Bonaparte, Muhammad Ali, and Ismail 196
15. CHAPTER TEN. The British Period, 1882–1952 228
16. CHAPTER ELEVEN. Egypt for the Egyptians, 1952–1981 256
17. CHAPTER TWELVE. Mubarak’s Egypt 282
18. AFTERWORD TO THE PAPERBACK EDITION: Egypt Transformed? 321
19. NOTES 329
20. BIBLIOGRAPHY 335
21. INDEX 355