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The purpose of this book is to examine the accepted concepts and theories on surplus labor in underdeveloped agricultural economics, particularly in the literature on "disguised unemployment." By doing so, the author clears tha way toward finding a more valid theoretical concept of this vital subject, which is the core of potential economic and social development in the underdeveloped countries. The author, after establishing a more realistic and workable definition of surplus labor on the basis of a closer investigation of the extended family-clan-village system, so typical of the tradition-guided underdeveloped societies, proceeds to work out a method for measuring true surplus labor, with rural South Korea as a case example. Of particular interest is the author's distinction between two types of surplus labor: technical (open) idle labor and the tradition-directed (closed) idle labor. Thus having obtained quantitative data on the extent of underemployment in South Korea, the author continues with a discussion of policy implications in the employment structure of underdeveloped countries, and constructs a proposed program for the utilization of surplus labor, without the application of totalitarian methods, without waiting for the availability of additional capital from the outside, and without making a change in traditional instituions and a priori condition for the utilization of idle labor. This program calls for capital improvements within the agricultural area, financed by the agricultural sector itself, after it is shown through statistical data that capital improvements in agriculture yield quicker and greater results than in other sectors of the economy. The author also attempts to show how such a program would not only put to work a major part of unutilized labor on agricultural development projects, but would also pave the way toward a gradual dissolution of those social traditions and institutions that have been economically hampering and that have been, thereby, an important cause of perpetuating economic and social stagnation. The author also claims for his program the aded virtue of minimizing the social unrest that results from economic distress, thus safeguarding political stability within the framework of needed reform. The government of the Republic of Korea cooperated closely with the author in carrying out the research underlying this study. Basic statistical data were obtained through the cooperation of the research department of the Bank of Korea.
The purpose of this book is to examine the accepted concepts and theories on surplus labor in underdeveloped agricultural economics, particularly in the literature on "disguised unemployment." By doing so, the author clears tha way toward finding a more v
The purpose of this book is to examine the accepted concepts and theories on surplus labor in underdeveloped agricultural economics, particularly in the literature on "disguised unemployment." By doing so, the author clears tha way toward finding a more v
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Government Purchasing and Competition: The Problem and Its Significance examines the purchasing policies of civilian federal agencies in the United States, focusing on their impact on competition and market efficiency. The study primarily explores two key policy features: the legal requirement for sealed bids in contracting and the centralization of purchasing authority under the General Services Administration. This approach not only sheds light on government procurement strategies but also seeks to contribute to a broader understanding of how large-quantity buyers influence market dynamics. Traditionally, research has concentrated on sellers' policies, but this study pivots to the economic effects of buyers' strategies, particularly those of significant entities like the federal government, which can shape market practices without requiring legislative intervention.
The study highlights that large buyers, including government entities, have the potential to drive efficiencies in the market by encouraging competition, rational pricing, and product improvements. By analyzing the federal government's purchasing practices, which often differ from those of private buyers, the study provides insights into how procurement policies can maximize utility per dollar and improve supply chain performance. It underscores the importance of internal and external purchasing policies, such as specifications, bidding processes, and contract awards, in influencing market behaviors. The focus on civilian goods further narrows the scope to items purchased in direct competition with private buyers, excluding military and strategic materials to maintain relevance to private-sector comparisons. By examining these policies, the study offers a foundation for optimizing procurement strategies and enhancing the effectiveness of large-scale purchasing operations.
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1954.
The study highlights that large buyers, including government entities, have the potential to drive efficiencies in the market by encouraging competition, rational pricing, and product improvements. By analyzing the federal government's purchasing practices, which often differ from those of private buyers, the study provides insights into how procurement policies can maximize utility per dollar and improve supply chain performance. It underscores the importance of internal and external purchasing policies, such as specifications, bidding processes, and contract awards, in influencing market behaviors. The focus on civilian goods further narrows the scope to items purchased in direct competition with private buyers, excluding military and strategic materials to maintain relevance to private-sector comparisons. By examining these policies, the study offers a foundation for optimizing procurement strategies and enhancing the effectiveness of large-scale purchasing operations.
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1954.
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This in-depth analysis of the Douglas fir lumber industry investigates the relationship between industry structure, firm behavior, and performance outcomes. While the lumber production sector exemplifies characteristics of pure competition—with numerous mills and firms producing homogeneous products—the timber input market operates as an oligopsony. In this setting, a few large buyers wield significant influence, leading to price disparities and market power that smaller firms cannot match. The study highlights the dichotomy between competitive lumber production and the noncompetitive dynamics of timber acquisition.
The book explores key issues such as economies of scale in production, market concentration, and the elasticity of demand and supply for both timber and lumber. By scrutinizing the auction markets for federal timber and the effects of concentrated timberland ownership, it sheds light on policy questions like the equitable distribution of public resources and the economic efficiency of market structures. Combining theoretical insights with empirical data, this study offers valuable findings for economists, industry stakeholders, and policymakers aiming to balance competition and sustainability in resource management.
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1966.
The book explores key issues such as economies of scale in production, market concentration, and the elasticity of demand and supply for both timber and lumber. By scrutinizing the auction markets for federal timber and the effects of concentrated timberland ownership, it sheds light on policy questions like the equitable distribution of public resources and the economic efficiency of market structures. Combining theoretical insights with empirical data, this study offers valuable findings for economists, industry stakeholders, and policymakers aiming to balance competition and sustainability in resource management.
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1966.
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This work aims to serve two primary purposes: first, to present findings regarding the age and related characteristics of corporations within the private enterprise system. The research seeks to provide insights into corporate behavior and potential implications for both private and public policy, acknowledging that some conclusions may be open to debate and may inspire differing interpretations from future researchers. To support such re-evaluation, the book offers a detailed explanation of the analytical methods employed, hoping to aid further investigation and refinement by others in the field.
The second purpose is to stimulate greater interest in the study of corporate "vital statistics," illustrating how various significant inferences can be drawn from a specific set of data. The author hopes this work will encourage the collection of more comprehensive and detailed corporate statistics, which could remove certain analytical limitations encountered here. This study is positioned as an initial exploration, not a final statement; with better data and refined methods from subsequent research, the findings may soon be surpassed, thereby achieving the goal of inspiring more advanced inquiries.
The author acknowledges valuable support from collaborators who contributed significantly to data handling and preparation, including Mrs. Harriet Ross and the Bureau of Business and Economic Research at the University of California, Berkeley. Their assistance lightened the burden of this extensive project; however, any errors or misinterpretations are the author’s responsibility alone.
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1953. ,
The second purpose is to stimulate greater interest in the study of corporate "vital statistics," illustrating how various significant inferences can be drawn from a specific set of data. The author hopes this work will encourage the collection of more comprehensive and detailed corporate statistics, which could remove certain analytical limitations encountered here. This study is positioned as an initial exploration, not a final statement; with better data and refined methods from subsequent research, the findings may soon be surpassed, thereby achieving the goal of inspiring more advanced inquiries.
The author acknowledges valuable support from collaborators who contributed significantly to data handling and preparation, including Mrs. Harriet Ross and the Bureau of Business and Economic Research at the University of California, Berkeley. Their assistance lightened the burden of this extensive project; however, any errors or misinterpretations are the author’s responsibility alone.
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1953. ,
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This title is a detailed academic monograph that explores the use of linear and non-linear programming in economic theory, specifically applied to the theory of the firm. Originally developed as a doctoral dissertation at the University of California, the study draws heavily on contributions from leading economists and mathematicians. The work acknowledges the influence of George Dantzig, who pioneered linear programming, as well as contributions from Professor G.C. Evans, who provided guidance on mathematical rigor. The monograph also recognizes Professor A.W. Tucker’s foundational work on non-linear programming, which enabled the author’s exploration of quadratic programming applications in monopolistic settings. The research, inspired by and partially funded through a United States Air Force initiative to advance administrative techniques, underscores the practical applications of programming theory within large organizations. This monograph emphasizes both the theoretical advances in economic modeling and the broader relevance of linear and quadratic programming approaches to real-world organizational challenges.
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1951.
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1951.
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Economic Development of Communist China: An Appraisal of the First Five Years of Industrialization analyzes the rapid economic transformation in China between 1952 and 1957 under the First Five-Year Plan. Drawing from Chinese-language sources, the study focuses on the development of heavy industries like steel, with production rising from 1.35 million tons in 1952 to 5.24 million tons by 1957. Soviet aid played a pivotal role, contributing to the construction of 156 industrial projects, including those in mining, energy, and machinery. The overarching goal was to establish a socialist society through industrialization, with heavy industry being prioritized over consumer welfare. The plan set ambitious targets, including surpassing the United Kingdom in steel production by 1972, though it acknowledged the secondary importance of consumer goods.
While the industrial progress was notable, the study critiques the uneven development, particularly in agriculture. Despite the rapid industrial growth, agricultural investment remained disproportionately low compared to the focus on industrial sectors. The government’s approach to socialization, including collectivization and price control, faced challenges in its execution. Although some sectors, like industry and trade, were effectively socialized by 1956, agriculture and other private sectors remained slower to fully transform. The study highlights the complexities of the socialist transition, questioning the sustainability of such rapid industrialization and its broader economic implications. It underscores the critical role of state control, Soviet assistance, and planned economic strategies in shaping China’s industrial trajectory.
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1959.
While the industrial progress was notable, the study critiques the uneven development, particularly in agriculture. Despite the rapid industrial growth, agricultural investment remained disproportionately low compared to the focus on industrial sectors. The government’s approach to socialization, including collectivization and price control, faced challenges in its execution. Although some sectors, like industry and trade, were effectively socialized by 1956, agriculture and other private sectors remained slower to fully transform. The study highlights the complexities of the socialist transition, questioning the sustainability of such rapid industrialization and its broader economic implications. It underscores the critical role of state control, Soviet assistance, and planned economic strategies in shaping China’s industrial trajectory.
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1959.
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Economic Development and Export Growth: A Study of Northern Rhodesia, 1920-1960 explores the economic history of Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) during the colonial period, focusing on the key role of export growth in the region's development. Conducted under the Ford Foundation’s Foreign Area Training Fellowship, the research primarily took place between 1960 and 1961, with an additional visit in 1962. The study examines the transformation of Northern Rhodesia’s economy from the 1920s through the 1960s, before the country gained political independence in 1964 and the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was dissolved.
While the book does not address the post-independence economic changes, it provides a detailed analysis of the period leading up to Zambia's independence. It outlines the impact of the export-driven economy, driven largely by the copper industry, on the region's development and its relationship with colonial structures. The author acknowledges the historical and political context of the time but refrains from incorporating recent political shifts, as the full effects of the newly independent government’s policies are yet to be understood. The study offers valuable insight into the economic history of Zambia, highlighting the role of export growth in shaping the country's economic landscape before independence.
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1966.
While the book does not address the post-independence economic changes, it provides a detailed analysis of the period leading up to Zambia's independence. It outlines the impact of the export-driven economy, driven largely by the copper industry, on the region's development and its relationship with colonial structures. The author acknowledges the historical and political context of the time but refrains from incorporating recent political shifts, as the full effects of the newly independent government’s policies are yet to be understood. The study offers valuable insight into the economic history of Zambia, highlighting the role of export growth in shaping the country's economic landscape before independence.
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1966.
