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This book pioneers the study of Lánnang-uè, deeply embedded in Manila’s Lannang community’s culture. It approaches Lánnang-uè not just as a language but as a vibrant social practice, highlighting its variability and complex social meanings (e.g., identity-marking). Over six years and with more than 150 participants, the monograph integrates contemporary, community-focused, and critical sociolinguistic frameworks to explore and document linguistic variation as well as change signaling attrition, challenging reductive academic views. Employing diverse methodologies—surveys, elicitation, interviews, computational modeling, and ethnography— the work offers a nuanced depiction of Lánnang-uè’s diversity. A decolonial stance is advocated, emphasizing the complex practices that define the language and its speakers’ identity. It critiques the idea of a uniform linguistic standard, presenting Lánnang-uè as shaped by local, diverse, and inclusive practices, urging a reevaluation of language ownership and authenticity. This monograph is crucial for scholars in sociolinguistics, language variation, and contact linguistics, informing language revitalization efforts and enriching global discussions on linguistic diversity and discrimination.
(Lánnang-uè) Tsî-ge tshêh e focûs si mga Manilá e Lánnang e Lánnang-uè e pagka-vary` kâp pagka-pièn. Tsî pún tshêh si thau-tsi-ge lai examinè Lánnang-uè tsuê tsi-ge linguistîc e objêct kâp sociàl e practicê. I ieng contemporary`, community-centrîc kâp criticàl e mga sociolinguistic framewôrk lai explorè tsi-ge (socio)linguistîc e identity` kâp kuan-i gí-gién e phenomenòn na ti academîc e literaturè yá under-representêd kâp tuî mga speakèr lai kông lê ban-ban bo-khì — lo. Tsî-ge gien-kiù involvê 150 e láng i-siòng kâp ti lak ni lai condûct — e. In-ui tsî-gé, tsî-ge gien-kiù si dân kin-ná, up to this datê, tsuê té detalyadò kâp expansivê e gien-kiù ng Lánnang-uè. Imbis na thûng-sâk Lánnang-uè e mga anomaly` para khâ simplè, tsî-ge gien-kiù siun bêh embracê tsi-ge decoloniàl-e stancê na e emphasizê hî-ge importancê ng pagka-hôk-tsáp kâp pagka-bo-sáng. Tsî-ge tshêh leveragê tsin-tsue khuân e data sourcês kâp methodology` — lán-tshiun mga survèy, elicitatiòn, mga intervièw, experimênt, computation modellìng kiau ethnography` — lai complemênt tsin tsue khuân-huât kâp kuan-i gí-gién kâp sia-huè e mga ebidensyà. Tsî-ge approâch e bok-tiâk si bêh delivèr tsi-ge khâ comprehensivê e understandìng ng Lánnang-uè e mga pagka-bosáng kâp pagka-pièn. I e pang-tsan mga readêrs reflêct on Lánnang sia-huè e pagka-hôk-tsáp kâp pagka-dynamîc. Bukod sa lê providê tsi-ge comprehensivê e linguistic descriptiòn ng Lánnang-uè, tsî-ge investigatiòn addrêss language ownershîp kâp authenticity` e tsi-kuá khâ hôk-tsáp kiau khâ thorny` e mga issuè. Tsî-ge tshêh e highlîght “Lánnang-uè” o “dân láng e uè” kâp, by extensiòn “Lánnáng” o “dân láng” e pagka-underspecifiêd e naturè kâp tuî tsuaí terminology` e pad-de pad-de mga intepretatiòn.
Tsî-ge tshêh aî put forwârd na pag dân aî khâ kumpletò e bing-piak Lánnang-uè, dân tioh khiâm-ieng examinè inside Lánnang-uè e inherênt e pagka-vary`: huaí experiencê kiau perceptiòn ng long-tsòng-e speakers kâp “gí-gien-guà” e mga factòr e ieung-hiông, lán-tshiun mga ideology`, attitudê, pagka-awarè, kâp huaí speakèr e mga sociolinguistic backgroûnd kâp agency`. I kay-disputê hî-ge fablêd e notiòn ng tsi-ge “standârd” kâp “homogenoûs” e Lánnang-uè. Insteâd, tsî-ge tshêh aî advocatê tsi-ge gí-gién na ho pun-tuè, diverse kâp negotiatêd e mga practice ng mga individuàl kâp community` lai ing-hiông — tioh: tsi-ge gí-gién na talagà inclusively` khâ “Lánnáng” o “dân láng” -e. Through integratiòn ng mga comtemporary` e sociolinguistic theory` kiau tsi-kuá insîght na galing fieldwôrk, tsî-ge tshêh lê proposê tsi-ge khâ nuancêd e sociolinguistic framewôrk lai bing-piak ti multilingual contêxt e variatiòn kâp pagka-pièn kâp lai labân linguistic discriminatiòn. Overàll, tsî-ge gien-kiù e bok-tiâk tsiu-si bêh tuî dân sociolinguistic variatiòn kâp changê e pagka-bing-piák tshông tsi-kuá contributiòn.
(Lánnang-uè) Tsî-ge tshêh e focûs si mga Manilá e Lánnang e Lánnang-uè e pagka-vary` kâp pagka-pièn. Tsî pún tshêh si thau-tsi-ge lai examinè Lánnang-uè tsuê tsi-ge linguistîc e objêct kâp sociàl e practicê. I ieng contemporary`, community-centrîc kâp criticàl e mga sociolinguistic framewôrk lai explorè tsi-ge (socio)linguistîc e identity` kâp kuan-i gí-gién e phenomenòn na ti academîc e literaturè yá under-representêd kâp tuî mga speakèr lai kông lê ban-ban bo-khì — lo. Tsî-ge gien-kiù involvê 150 e láng i-siòng kâp ti lak ni lai condûct — e. In-ui tsî-gé, tsî-ge gien-kiù si dân kin-ná, up to this datê, tsuê té detalyadò kâp expansivê e gien-kiù ng Lánnang-uè. Imbis na thûng-sâk Lánnang-uè e mga anomaly` para khâ simplè, tsî-ge gien-kiù siun bêh embracê tsi-ge decoloniàl-e stancê na e emphasizê hî-ge importancê ng pagka-hôk-tsáp kâp pagka-bo-sáng. Tsî-ge tshêh leveragê tsin-tsue khuân e data sourcês kâp methodology` — lán-tshiun mga survèy, elicitatiòn, mga intervièw, experimênt, computation modellìng kiau ethnography` — lai complemênt tsin tsue khuân-huât kâp kuan-i gí-gién kâp sia-huè e mga ebidensyà. Tsî-ge approâch e bok-tiâk si bêh delivèr tsi-ge khâ comprehensivê e understandìng ng Lánnang-uè e mga pagka-bosáng kâp pagka-pièn. I e pang-tsan mga readêrs reflêct on Lánnang sia-huè e pagka-hôk-tsáp kâp pagka-dynamîc. Bukod sa lê providê tsi-ge comprehensivê e linguistic descriptiòn ng Lánnang-uè, tsî-ge investigatiòn addrêss language ownershîp kâp authenticity` e tsi-kuá khâ hôk-tsáp kiau khâ thorny` e mga issuè. Tsî-ge tshêh e highlîght “Lánnang-uè” o “dân láng e uè” kâp, by extensiòn “Lánnáng” o “dân láng” e pagka-underspecifiêd e naturè kâp tuî tsuaí terminology` e pad-de pad-de mga intepretatiòn.
Tsî-ge tshêh aî put forwârd na pag dân aî khâ kumpletò e bing-piak Lánnang-uè, dân tioh khiâm-ieng examinè inside Lánnang-uè e inherênt e pagka-vary`: huaí experiencê kiau perceptiòn ng long-tsòng-e speakers kâp “gí-gien-guà” e mga factòr e ieung-hiông, lán-tshiun mga ideology`, attitudê, pagka-awarè, kâp huaí speakèr e mga sociolinguistic backgroûnd kâp agency`. I kay-disputê hî-ge fablêd e notiòn ng tsi-ge “standârd” kâp “homogenoûs” e Lánnang-uè. Insteâd, tsî-ge tshêh aî advocatê tsi-ge gí-gién na ho pun-tuè, diverse kâp negotiatêd e mga practice ng mga individuàl kâp community` lai ing-hiông — tioh: tsi-ge gí-gién na talagà inclusively` khâ “Lánnáng” o “dân láng” -e. Through integratiòn ng mga comtemporary` e sociolinguistic theory` kiau tsi-kuá insîght na galing fieldwôrk, tsî-ge tshêh lê proposê tsi-ge khâ nuancêd e sociolinguistic framewôrk lai bing-piak ti multilingual contêxt e variatiòn kâp pagka-pièn kâp lai labân linguistic discriminatiòn. Overàll, tsî-ge gien-kiù e bok-tiâk tsiu-si bêh tuî dân sociolinguistic variatiòn kâp changê e pagka-bing-piák tshông tsi-kuá contributiòn.
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In the South-West Indian Ocean, Mauritius and Reunion are part of a group of islands where French-based Creoles are spoken. In spite of their geographical proximity, Mauritian Creole and Reunion Creole are strikingly different in their morphosyntax. The first part of this volume describes some structural properties of their grammars. Both languages also differ in the degree to which they are standardized and used in education and in public spaces. One of the goals of this volume is to examine their social status and their use in writing, especially after the introduction of Mauritian Creole as a subject in schools as one of the ancestral languages. French and Bhojpuri are also part of the multilingual Mauritian context. One chapter in this volume analyses the role of Bhojpuri in the formation of Mauritian Creole, while another studies the pronunciation of Mauritian French.
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Constraints on Language Variation and Change in Complex Multilingual Contact Settings explores an innovative proposal: that linguistic similarities identified in different forms of contact-influenced varieties of language use (including translation, native and non-native varieties of English, and language use of bilinguals more generally) can be accounted for in a coherent framework grounded in the notion of ‘constrained communication’. These varieties have hitherto been studied in independent scholarly traditions, especially translation studies and world Englishes, leaving the potential underlying unity underexplored, both conceptually and empirically.
The chapters collected in this volume aim to develop such a unified perspective by drawing on corpus data across a range of languages and language varieties, with a focus on written language, a neglected data source in research on multilingual contact settings. The findings point to shared general characteristics across individual contact settings, which result from (probabilistically conditioned) manifestations of the same deeper regularities – constraints – present in diverse language-contact settings.
The chapters collected in this volume aim to develop such a unified perspective by drawing on corpus data across a range of languages and language varieties, with a focus on written language, a neglected data source in research on multilingual contact settings. The findings point to shared general characteristics across individual contact settings, which result from (probabilistically conditioned) manifestations of the same deeper regularities – constraints – present in diverse language-contact settings.
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Variation Rolls the Dice: A worldwide collage in honour of Salikoko S. Mufwene aims to celebrate Mufwene’s ground-breaking contribution to linguistics in the past four decades. The title also encapsulates his approach to language as both systemic and socio-cultural practices, and the role of variation in determining particular evolutionary trajectories in specific linguistic ecologies. The book therefore focuses on variation within and across languages, within and across speakers, and how this fundamental aspect of human behavior can affect language structure in time and space. Mufwene has been instrumental in putting creole languages on the map of General Linguistics and connecting their analysis to issues of language acquisition, multilingualism, language contact, language evolution, and language typology. Thanks to the diversity of topics and the wide-ranging theoretical persuasions of the contributors, this volume aims at a large readership including both scholars and advanced students interested in cutting-edge research in the aforementioned domains.
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South America was populated relatively recently, probably around 15,000 years ago. Yet, instead of finding a relatively small number of language families, we find some 118 genealogical units. So far, the historical processes that underlie the current picture are not yet fully understood. This book represents a preliminary attempt at understanding the socio-historical dynamics behind language diversification in the region, focusing on the Kawapanan languages, particularly on Shawi. The book provides an introduction to the ideas behind the flux approach of Dynamic linguistics and later concentrates on prehistorical language contact, specifically in the northern Peruvian Andean sphere. The number of studies presented shed light on a layered picture in which a number of Kawapanan lects were used in non-polyglosic multilingual settings. The book explores the potential contact relationships between Kawapanan languages, Quechuan, Aymaran, Chachapuya, Cholón-Hibito, Arawak, Carib and Puelche. The analysis draws on data collected in the field over a period of eight years (2012-2020) with both Shawi and Shiwilu speakers and includes the first comprehensive grammar sketch of Shawi.
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Issues in multilingualism and its implications for communities and society at large, language acquisition and use, language diversification, and creative language use associated with new linguistic identities have become hot topics in both scientific and popular debates. A ubiquitous aspect of multilingualism is language contact. This book contains twelve articles that discuss specific aspects of Contact Linguistics. These articles cover a wide range of topics in the field, including creoles, areal linguistics, language mixing, and the sociolinguistic aspects of interactions with audiences. The book is dedicated to Pieter Muysken whose work on pidgin and creole languages, mixed languages, code-switching, bilingualism, and areal linguistics has been ground-breaking and inspirational for the authors in this book, as well as numerous other scholars working on the various facets of this rapidly expanding field.
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Bilingual speakers are normally aware of what language they are speaking or hearing; there is, however, no widely accepted consensus on the degree of lexical and morphosyntactic similarity that defines the psycholinguistic threshold of distinct languages. This book focuses on the Afro-Colombian creole language Palenquero, spoken in bilingual contact with its historical lexifier, Spanish. Although sharing largely cognate lexicons, the languages are in general not mutually intelligible. For example, Palenquero exhibits no adjective-noun or verb-subject agreement, uses pre-verbal tense-mood-aspect particles, and exhibits unbounded clause-final negation. The present study represents a first attempt at mapping the psycholinguistic boundaries between Spanish and Palenquero from the speakers’ own perspective, including traditional native Palenquero speakers, adult heritage speakers, and young native Spanish speakers who are acquiring Palenquero as a second language. The latter group also provides insights into the possible cognitive cost of “de-activating” Spanish morphological agreement as well as the relative efficiency of pre-verbal vs. clause-final negation. In this study, corpus-based analyses are combined with an array of interactive experimental techniques, demonstrating that externally-imposed classifications do not always correspond to speakers’ own partitioning of language usage in their communities.
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While universally present in languages, negation is well-known to manifest a surprising cross-linguistic diversity of forms. In creole languages, however, negation and negative dependencies have been regarded as largely uniform. Creole languages as Bickerton claims in Roots of Language, generally exhibit negative concord, a construction popularly dubbed ‘double negation’, where several expressions, each negative on its own, come together with a logic-defying single negation interpretation. While this construction – problematic for compositionality if the meaning of sentences emerge from the meaning of their parts – has fostered much research, the fertile data terrain that creole languages offer for its understanding is rarely taken into account. Aiming at bridging this gap, this book offers a wealth of theoretically informed empirical investigations of negative relations in a wide variety of creole languages. Uncovering a far more complex negative landscape than previously assumed, the book reveals the challenging richness that a thorough comparative study of creoles delivers.
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Located near Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, Palenque is a former Afro-Hispanic maroon community that has recently attracted much national and international attention. The authors of this collection examine Palenque’s linguistic, geographic, and cultural origins from interdisciplinary and theoretically diverse perspectives. Extensive in situ fieldwork and long-term familiarity with the Palenquero community form the basis of the seven essays, all of which are enriched by data from archival and other scholarly works. In this book, linguists, literary scholars, historians, and specialists in cultural and visual studies thereby enter into mutually enriching dialogues about the origins and nature of Palenque’s unique Lengua (local creole) and culture. This rich tapestry of ideas is decidedly international, as its authors are members of academic institutions in the United States, Europe, and Latin America. Orality, Identity, and Resistance in Palenque (Colombia) is an updated translation of Palenque, Colombia: Oralidad, identidad y resistencia, 2012.
