Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. Neue Folge

What was the significance of cultural transfer for the development of religious landscapes in the age of the Roman Empire? Taking regional factors into account, the contributions in this volume study aspects of cultural transfer in the Rhine and Danube provinces of Germania Inferior, Germania Superior, Raetia, Noricum, Dalmatia, and Dacia, as well as in neighboring Barbaricum, and supplements these studies with various theoretical analyses.

El volumen contiene 290 documentos papales de los siglos XI y XII que fueron enviados a diferentes destinatarios en el Reino de Castilla. Complementa las colecciónes diplomáticas del "Göttinger Papsturkundenwerk" para las regiones de Cataluña, Navarra y Aragón que Paul Fridolin Kehr publicó en la década de 1920. Una gran cantidad de las bulas en este volumen proviene del archivo de la catedral de Toledo, incluidos varios documentos hasta ahora desconocidos. Los demás documentos provienen de las diócesis de Ávila, Burgos, Cuenca, Osma, Palencia, Segovia y Sigüenza. En el caso de Sigüenza, algunos documentos originales que se perdieron durante la Guerra Civil podrían reconstruirse basándose en trabajos preparatorios más antiguos del "Göttinger Papsturkundenwerk".

Why is it that cultural phenomena often spread only within particular regional boundaries? What causes cultural styles to be dominant in one region, but hardly penetrate beyond it? This volume examines in depth the problem of limited dissemination in cultural history during the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Era.

The balance between law and judicial power has not only inspired legal debates, but also has broad sociopolitical implications. This volume starts with a look at 19^th century legal history, followed by a presentation of the judicial models of the 20^th century and the highly topical issues of constitutional law, legal theory, and family law.

This volume examines the gnostic-syncretic religion of Eastern Manicheism in China, Iran, and Turkish central Asia. After a scholarly introduction to the religious theory of Manicheism, the essays probe questions of its transmission and cultural interactions with Latin, Coptic, and Arabic Manicheism.

Maraclea and Nephin were seigneuries in the earldom of Tripoli, one of the Middle Eastern crusader states founded in the course of the 1^st Crusade (1096–1099). This book examines genealogical relationships and, for the first time, investigates the history of these seigneuries in detail, their relationship to the feudal lords and the Johanniter Order, and their involvement in noble rebellions until the transition to service for the King of Sicily.

This anthology is devoted to Lothringia, once a key territory in the Carolingian Empire and later a border and contact zone between the Kingdoms of Germany and France. The essays seek to encourage systematic research on the relationship between the papacy and this dynamic territory in the heart of Europe, thus encouraging consideration of a Lotharingia pontificia.

The richly illustrated volume commemorates Wolfgang Sellert’s 80^th birthday. It addresses the central themes of his life’s work, including the history of the supreme courts in the Holy Roman Empire, the history of procedural law, and the iconography of law. Wolfgang Sellert was the spiritus rector of the Göttingen Academy project to study the records of the Aulic Council, a major focus of this volume.

To what extent did recipients influence the design of Papal Deeds in the 9^th to the 11^th centuries? Unlike the centralization of the papacy prevailing in other domains, there are striking local differences in the design of Papal Deeds. They are analyzed in detail and statistically evaluated based on 308 examples from the ecclesiastical provinces of Italy and Catalonia, as well as Mainz, Cologne, Trier, Reims, Lyon, and Sens.

This monograph demonstrates the theory and practice of poetological hermeneutics. Kant and Heidegger provide the foundation for a theory of literature grounded in poetology. Three analyses of works address epos, novel, and lyric, illustrating hermeneutics in practice. The author uses the hermeneutical approach to transform interpretation into an adventure filled with surprise and discovery.

How important are various forms of literary engagement with the past to the construction of identities? To answer this question, the authors assembled here examine the strategies of presentation employed by social communities to create identity during the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity in the written and pictorial presentations of "their" past.

How do various literary forms contribute to an engagement with the past to construct a sense of individual or collective identity? To answer this question, the authors of this volume investigate the use of different dramatic strategies as a practice of creating identity in the written, often illustrated depictions of the past during the transition from the Middle Ages to early modernity.

Gottfried Ernst Groddeck (1762–1825) is considered the founder of academic philology in Poland. Born in Gdansk, he studied classical philology in Göttingen and starting in 1786 was the private tutor and librarian for the Polish prince Czartoryski. In 1801 he became professor at Vilnius University. His correspondence is a major source on the influence exerted by German philology as well as on the intellectual history of Poland and Russia.

Following an introductory essay on the diversity of law as a historical phenomenon, five essays take different perspectives to examine the relationships between different bodies of law (national law, EU law, and the ECHR) and institutions (the German Constitutional Court, European Court of Justice, and European Court of Human Rights).

The essays in this volume offer an inventory of the most recent discoveries and findings on Roman-Germanic confrontations during the early and middle phases of the Augustinian Principate. The time frame extends to the soldier-emperor Maximinus’s major campaigns in Germania in 235 AD.

The first part of this study addresses problems of dating and analyzing the ancient literary tradition of Alexander in the light of new papyrus evidence and a critical appraisal of the research. The second part uses major written documents from the Alexandrine period to investigate the fundamental aspects of the king’s Hellenic policy.

The Göttingen mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss and the Norwegian astronomer and physicist Christopher Hansteen engaged in a lively correspondence, which lasted from 1832 until Gauss’s death in 1855. For the first time, this book offers a critical edition of the surviving letters. A key theme is research on the earth’s magnetism, a field within the newly emerging discipline of geophysics.

The Turkologist, archeologist, and ethnologist Albert von Le Coq (1860–1930) is considered a founder of modern Manichean scholarship. For the first time, this volume presents an annotated edition of Le Coq’s letters to his scientific colleague Willi Bang Kaup, written between 1909 and 1914. It reveals Le Coq’s role in rediscovering Mani and reveals details of the world of archeological research in the years prior to the First World War.

No text was as widely disseminated in early Baltic literature as Martin Luther’s Small Catechism. In fact, it marked the dawn of the literature of all three Baltic languages. This comparative study of the Old Prussian, Old Lithuanian, and Latvian versions of Small Catechism gives insight about the idiosyncrasies of the Old Prussian version and the work of its translator.

This volume examines Heyne’s wide range of activities between 1765 and 1812 at the University of Göttingen and the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities, including his many academic papers in classical philology, ancient history, and classical archeology; his efforts to promote the teaching of ancient languages in schools; and his contributions to the Göttingen University Library and the Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

The Middle Ages are justifiably regarded as an epoch characterized by fundamental integration processes, in which the papacy played a key role. This volume analyzes the changing relations of the Popes to the Archdiocese of Toledo, located directly on the frontier of the Moslem-ruled southern portion of the Iberian Peninsula, in a case study on papally influenced integration processes during the 12^th century.

The volume The Law that Educates explores the little–researched phenomenon of the state as an educational agent. Six essays and discussions examine the state as educator of its citizens from different perspective, beginning with the Early Modern Age and continuing through the 20th century to today’s national and European legal systems.

Manichaeism claimed to be a world religion. Thus, the problem of translating the Holy Scriptures was of paramount importance. The twelve studies in this volume examine the linguistic and cultural diversity and unique features of the translated texts of Eastern Manichaeism. This book will be of great interest to scholars of religious studies and to researchers in the fields of cultural history and language contact.

This collection of essays on the history of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences since 1751 is emblemized by the motto inscribed on the Academy’s seal: “Fecundat et ornat” – “It brings forth and it adorns.” The contributors to this volume examine the relationship between the academy and the state from an institutional perspective and in the context of the history of science.

Staehelin’s study addresses the question of the authenticity of the Sinfonia Concertante in E-flat major, a work that has been attributed to Mozart. This composition was found as part of the legacy of Mozart’s biographer Jahn, and has always been identified with the work Mozart composed in 1778 in Paris, which vanished soon afterwards. The study cites new sources and analyzes the stylistic peculiarities of the work in order to show that it could not possibly be a genuine composition by Mozart.

This volume assembles contributions to Papal documentary research related to the works in the Gallia Pontificia. It presents detailed accounts about important topics, including the French-speaking world, the importance of the office of cardinal, and diplomacy. Following the restructuring of the work on the Gallia Pontificia in 2012, this compendium shows that it would make sense to undertake further studies, especially regarding the Orbis Christianus.

This volume is a collection of international contributions that address the relationship between the Papacy and the Iberian Peninsula during the High Middle Ages, a relationship that stood at the intersection of the Papal claim to universal power and the realistic limitations of Papal power on the far-away Iberian kingdoms.

The Ottomans were newcomers to Southeast Europe when they first set foot on the Balkan Peninsula at the end of the 14th century, but they proceeded to dominate the region for almost 500 years. This work examines the history of political culture and migration during the Ottoman period. The contributions contained in this volume make clear that the Ottomans in no way imposed a reign of terror, but inaugurated their rule with tolerance toward their non-Moslem subjects.

This volume presents articles on economic issues in the Holy Roman Empire. The specific themes examined here are monetary and regulatory policy, fundraising through lottery games, gambling debts, canonical prohibition of interest and Rentenkauf (purchase of a right to periodic payments), trade and trade prohibitions, guilds, allodification of military tenure, limitation of liability for women in the case of bankruptcy, debit commission, corruption at the Imperial Chamber Court and incomes of the judges at the Reichshofrat. The court decisions of the Imperial Chamber Court, the Reichshofrat and the Wismar Tribunal are assessed for the first time.

The Edition Critica Maior of the Septuagint, which was founded in 1908 by scholars in Göttingen, is one of the most important publication projects of German academia in the 20th and 21st centuries. This anniversary edition is the product of events and symposia held to commemorate the one-hundredth anniversary of this publication.

The “Lexicon of Early Greek Epic” is now complete after half a century of philological work. It offers a host of information concerning the entire range of Early Greek vocabulary, as used by Homer, Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns, and the so-called “small epics.” The first entry was made in 1955; the last in 2010. This volume, which marks the conclusion of this large project, also discusses the future of research in this subfield.

This volume presents the correspondence that took place between the Göttingen Iranian scholar and academician Friedrich Carl Andreas (1846-1930) and the Turkish, Ural-Altaic, and English scholar Willi Bang(-Kaup) (1869-1934), who worked in Leuven until 1914. The editors have included a multi-chapter introduction to the annotated correspondence, which sets the letters against the backdrop of contemporary relationships among the international community of Orientalist scholars. The introduction includes an assessment of the importance of W. Bang(-Kaup) and Göttingen for the field of Cumanian studies.

From the middle of the 11th century to Pope Innocent III (1198–1216), the Latin Church developed into a European-wide Papal Church, with a strong hierarchy focused on Rome. Retrospectively, this historical development appears to have proceeded according to a preconceived plan. In reality, however – as illuminated in this work – it was driven by a complex process of give and take between Rome and the regions.

This anthology brings together contributions from the fields of politics, theology, and the history of science. In his essay, E. Lohse explores the beginnings of early Christian literature. O. Kaiser examines correspondence between the biblical philologists Heinrich Ewald and Herman Hupfeld. W. Künne documents Goethe's attachment to the northern Italian city of Bolzano, and W. Ludwig analyzes the Turkish and Persian Latin of the Epistolae Turcicae. In the volume's final contribution, Karin Reich analyzes the exchange of letters between the mathematician Gauss and his friend and biographer, the geologist Wolfgang Sartorius von Waltershausen.

Manichaeism is a world religion that was widespread between Europe and China in various periods between the 3rd and 12th/13th centuries. Some 100 years ago the original literature of the Manicheans was rediscovered in Central Asia. These sources led scholars to realize that here, under the influence of other religions (above all Buddhism), special syncretic forms of the religion had arisen which could only be studied on an interdisciplinary basis. This volume contains the papers of an international workshop held by Turcologists and Iranianists (Göttingen Academy of Sciences, March 4-5, 2010) on the history of the genres and works of the literature of Central Asian Manichaeism.

This volume examines the special relationship between Russia and Gauss. It documents and describes the important role that Gauss played for science in Russia from the start of career onwards, as well as the great significance of Russia in Gauss' scientific work. The authors profile 17 scientists who worked in Russia and which whom Gauss corresponded and also often collaborated directly. The examination of the Gauss Library in Göttingen should be of particular interest, since it contains the Rossica and works sent to Gauss from Russia. The volume focuses on the period from 1799 until Gauss' death in 1855.

As part of the Göttingen-based research project "Kleinüberlieferung mehrstimmiger Musik vor 1550 in deutschem Sprachraum" (Minor Transmission of Polyphonic Music Before 1550 in German-Speaking Areas), the Professor Emeritus for Historical Musicology, Martin Staehelin, has systematically indexed previously unknown late medieval sources from Germany and Switzerland. His extensive analysis of various works, including those from the collections of Basel monasteries, the Kassel University Library and the Herzog August Library in Wolfenbüttel, is prefaced by a chapter that presents the technical terms, research criteria and academic relevance of the theme.

In commemoration of Husserl’s many years of teaching and research in Göttingen, the Göttingen Academy of Science staged an international symposium in Husserl’s jubilee year 2009. The results are presented in this edited volume. The contributions are arranged into three thematic groups: (1) Husserl’s philosophy of subjectivity, (2) Husserl’s theory of the intentional object and his definition of the relationship between truth and evidence, (3) Husserl’s philosophy of mathematics and logic.

This is the first modern comprehensive account of the syntax of Old Avestan, the earliest known form of Iranian language, attested in the Gathas of Zarathushtra and the Liturgy in Seven Chapters. It is based on the most up-to-date understanding of the texts, while following traditional principles of grammatical analysis. There are also substantial sections on word order, stylistics, and figures of speech. Translations are provided for almost all passages quoted. The work will be welcomed by Iranianists as well as by historical linguists with wider Indo-European interests.

The wars and processes of change in Southeast Europe in recent years have demonstrated the significant role that outdated myths, legends and traditions still play in the region. This volume from the Southeast Europe Commission of the Göttingen Academy of Science collects case studies on the culture of memory from its beginnings through to the 20th century.

The volume is devoted to the study of the history of the Roman-Iberian relationship against the backdrop of ecclesiastical and cultural structures of the Iberian Peninsula, which in many cases took on new forms in the course of the Reconquista and the consolidation of the country. The recently intensified focus on questions concerning the relationship between Rome as “center” and its European “peripheries” opens up new perspectives.

The contribution by Hans Schneider is devoted to Luther’s journey to Rome, which he undertook while he was still an Augustine monk. In the second article, Ludwig Uhlig studies the largely unexplored anthropological work of Georg Forster. The contribution by Karin Reich focuses on a long-lost essay by Euler. Werner Lehfeldt’s contribution traces the history of Gauss’s interest in the Russian language.

In this volume, the commission on “The Function of the Law in History and Today” of the “Göttinger Akademie der Wissenschaften” (Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities) presents the results of its 15th symposium “Penal Law in a Social Constitutional State”. The contributions explore legitimacy issues and forms of punishment by the state from various perspectives. These include the instrumentalization of punishment by the state, the power to impose punishment and its purposes, the conception of man forming the basis of penal law, the provisions of constitutional law regarding the assessment of penalty as well as the legal context of pardons and grants of reprieve.

Globalization is not a new phenomenon – the transition to the 20th century also had many aspects which could be covered by this term. This is the conclusion of an analysis of European and American cultural journals made by the "Turn of the Century Project" of the Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Göttingen. The three examples in this book serve as a cross-section of these perspectives of modernization: the fifth Paris World Exhibition of 1900, which attracted 50 million visitors, the discussion of social questions in selected cultural journals as well as the reactions to the upheaval in colonial China.

Unlike the monographic treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, these anthologies contain shorter papers on topics from the disciplines of the Academy. The first anthology contains five treatises on philological problems from the areas of classical philology, Slavic philology and Arabic studies, as well as new sources on music of the 13th to 16th century.

Slovenia has been a member of the European Union since 2004. For over 1000 years the small country with its population of not more than two million inhabitants was dependent on foreign powers. Still, the many different influences were not able to obliterate the language and the unique characteristics of the Slovenian people. These essays explore the Slovenians' capability to resist, the national poet France Prešeren, the development of administrative structures in the Yugoslav period and Slovenian art and culture.

In the Middle Ages Italy was one of the most diversified regions in Europe. The Italian and German authors of this volume look at the integrating and des-integrating role of the Papacy in the heterogeneous Italy of the Early and High Middle Ages. Their main source is the Italia Pontificia, the first volume of which was published in 1906. They draw a balance of what has been achieved so far, outline requirements for future research and offer exemplary, novel methods and questions that can be applied to the extensive material of the Italia Pontificia.

In the second part of Wechselseitige Wahrnehmung, the Göttingen Academy presents additional conference papers on the ways that Islam and Christianity perceived one another and on the reception of pagan religions by Renaissance humanists.

This volume combines a number of approaches to the history of the conflict between religions and cultures. Contributions from history, art and legal history, as well as Judaistic studies deal with new conceptual considerations on the history of perceptions in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern period; above all interpretations of non-European religions, of paganism in their own European tradition, and how ecclesiastic law treated “non-believers” in relation to the heretics. The second volume is in preparation.

The papers in this volume deal with the relationship between social and private law. The fundamental question of the relationship between state care and civil rights and liberties is placed in its historical perspective and discussed using highly topical themes ‑ state “support and demands” under Hartz-IV (governing unemployment benefits), benefits in the reciprocal relationship of state and family, maintenance obligations in the solidary unit of the family as distinct from the solidarity of the social state, and state interventions in families for the protection of children ‑ including from their parents. By evaluating historical developments, the papers make a contribution to a more profound engagement with current reforms in family and social law.

This volume is the first comparative study of the political tools employed by the Popes and the perception of the Papacy in different regions, so combining the perspectives of the Roman center and that of the churches on the periphery. The Roman view of the means by which it exerted its influence over the Church is set against the reaction of the various regions to them. In this way the discrepancy between Roman prototypes and actual interpretations from the mid-11th to the end of the 12th century is further enhanced by the differences revealed by contrasting regional sketches.

Dietrich Gerhardt takes as his starting point Goethe’s poem Love Gods in the Market-place that was published in Voss’ Muses Almanach in 1796 and later became known under the title Who will buy Gods of Love?, to trace the modern transformations undergone in the pictorial arts, literature and music by the late antique motif of love gods. The study moves from Stabiae and Pompeii via Goethe and Thorvaldsen through to Pushkin and ends with reflections on the turn of the millennium.