University of Texas Press
The Colonization of the Amazon
About this book
Deforestation in the Amazon, one of today's top environmental concerns, began during a period of rapid colonization in the 1970s. Throughout that decade, Anna Luiza Ozorio de Almeida, a Stanford-trained economist, conducted a complex and massive economic study of what was going on in the Amazon, who was investing what, what was gained, and what it cost in all its aspects. The Colonization of the Amazon, the resulting work, brings together information on the physical, demographic, institutional, and economic dimensions of directed settlement in the Amazon Basin and raises significant questions about the gains and losses of the settlers, the reasons for these outcomes, and the economic rationale behind the devastation of the rainforest.
Particularly illuminating is Almeida's exploration of the role of the frontier in Brazil and her distinction between types of migrants and migrations. She concludes that the political costs avoided by not undertaking agrarian reform are being paid by devastating the Amazon, with the conflict between distribution and conservation steadily worsening. Today, it can no longer be circumvented.
Author / Editor information
Topics
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Frontmatter
i -
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CONTENTS
vii -
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Tables
viii -
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Maps
x -
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Charts
x -
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Graphs
xi -
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Acknowledgments
xiii -
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1. The Decade of Colonization
1 - Part 1: The Dimensions of the Frontier
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Introduction
13 -
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2. Rural Frontier and Urban Frontier
15 -
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3. Occupation and Availability of Land in the Amazon
31 -
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4. Agricultural Suitability of Amazon Soils
44 -
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5. The Closing Frontier
53 - Part 2: The Frontier and the State
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Introduction
63 -
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6. The Role of the Brazilian State on the Amazon Frontier
65 -
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7. Spatial Homogenization of the Amazon
70 -
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8. Directed Settlement
85 -
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9. Complementing Institutions
103 -
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10. The Cost of Directed Colonization
111 - Part 3: The Frontier and the Market
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Introduction
119 -
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11. The Expansion of the Market
121 -
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12. The Economic Dynamic of Colonization
129 -
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13. The Appropriation of Agricultural Surplus
147 -
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14. Colonists' Market Response
163 -
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15. Frontier Merchants
181 - Part 4: The Colonists
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Introduction
204 -
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16. The Appropriation of Income in Directed Colonization
208 -
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17. Costs and Benefits
234 -
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18. Market Segmentation
246 -
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19. Agricultural Strategies
264 -
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20. Differentiation on the Frontier
283 -
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21. Itinerancy and Adaptation to the Amazon
307 -
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22. Colonization and Agrarian Reform: The Current Debate
317 -
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23. Postscript: The Many Dimensions of the Amazon Frontier
331 -
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Glossary
335 -
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Bibliography
339 -
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Index
365