13. Considerations in Formalizing a Classification

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter I
2. Contents V
3. Preface IX
4. Contributors XI
5. Introduction XV
6. Part I. Philosophical Concerns
7. Introduction 3
8. 1. Cladistic Theory: Hypotheses That Blur and Grow 5
9. 2. The Relevance of Parsimony to Phylogenetic Inference 24
10. 3. Monophyly: Its Meaning and Importance 39
11. Part II. Character Evaluation
12. Introduction 49
13. 4. The Concept of Homology and Its Central Role in the Elucidation of Plant Systematic Relationships 51
14. 5. Problems in the Determination of Evolutionary Directionality of Character-State Change for Phylogenetic Reconstruction 71
15. Part III. Cladogram Construction
16. Introduction 91
17. Section A. Parsimony Methods
18. 6. Applications of the Concepts of Groundplan-Divergence 95
19. 7. Quantitative Parsimony 119
20. Section B. Compatibility Methods
21. 8. Phylogenetic Trees and Character-State Trees 135
22. 9. Evaluating Characters by Character Compatibility Analysis 152
23. Section C. Comparison of Methods
24. 10. The Statistical Approach to Inferring Evolutionary Trees and What It Tells Us About Parsimony and Compatibility 169
25. 11. Application of Compatibility and Parsimony Methods at the Infraspecific, Specific, and Generic Levels in Poaceae 192
26. 12. Cladistic and Other Methods: Problems, Pitfalls, and Potentials 221
27. Part IV. Applications
28. Introduction 255
29. 13. Considerations in Formalizing a Classification 257
30. 14. Cladistics and Biogeography 273
31. Appendix: An Introduction to Computer-Assisted Cladistic Analysis 295
32. Participants in the Workshop on the Theory and Application of Cladistic Methodology 299
33. Author Index 303
34. Subject Index 307