IV Turkey as “Trading State”

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents v
3. Acknowledgments vii
4. Introduction 1
5. PART I. Historical and Conceptual Foundations of Soft- Power Internationalism
6. I Soft- Power United States Versus Normative Power Europe 19
7. II Circulating Liberalism 60
8. PART II. Turkey
9. III Turkey’s “Soft Power” 83
10. IV Turkey as “Trading State” 108
11. PART III. Brazil
12. V Bridge Builder, Humanitarian Donor, Reformer of Global Order 129
13. VI Lula’s Assertive Foreign Policy 153
14. PART IV. China
15. VII China’s Soft Power in Africa 181
16. VIII The Evolution of China’s Soft- Power Quest from the Late 1980s to the 2010s 208
17. IX Global China and Symbolic Power in the Era of the Belt and Road 224
18. PART V. Euro- Atlantic Perspectives
19. X The End or the Beginning of Normative Power Europe? 251
20. XI Is There a Coherent Ideology of Illiberal Modernity, and Is It a Source of Soft Power? 274
21. Power, Culture, and Hegemony 301
22. Contributors 319
23. Index 321