11 The Anxious Middle Class of Urban China
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Tai-lok Lui
Abstract
One of the most notable features of urbanization in China in the past two decades is the rise of an urban middle class. From the proliferation of nightlife entertainment in urban hot spots to the consumption of luxurious items and/or foreign brands, the drastic increase in car ownership to the growth of gated communities, cityscape in contemporary China has undergone drastic changes in the course of urbanization and socio-economic re-stratification. The rise of a newly formed middle class in the major cities is both an agent in shaping the changing cityscape and an outcome of current urban development. This chapter, drawing upon the authors’ observations conducted in a suburban middle-classcommunity in Beijing in 2007-2017 and the study of the middle class in Shanghai since the mid-1990s, reports on the emergence and formation of an urban middle class in contemporary Chinese cities. It is argued that this middle class came into existence when China’s economy was marketized and the social structure had undergone a major transformation as a result of such economic changes. Within a period of 20-25 years, there witnessed the birth of a middle class in the context of the transition to a post-socialist economy, the formation of new class identities and lifestyles, and growing class-related anxieties. Our discussion covers the formation of this urban middle class, its social and cultural outlooks, and an analysis of how their class interests shape the social landscape of the Chinese cities.
Abstract
One of the most notable features of urbanization in China in the past two decades is the rise of an urban middle class. From the proliferation of nightlife entertainment in urban hot spots to the consumption of luxurious items and/or foreign brands, the drastic increase in car ownership to the growth of gated communities, cityscape in contemporary China has undergone drastic changes in the course of urbanization and socio-economic re-stratification. The rise of a newly formed middle class in the major cities is both an agent in shaping the changing cityscape and an outcome of current urban development. This chapter, drawing upon the authors’ observations conducted in a suburban middle-classcommunity in Beijing in 2007-2017 and the study of the middle class in Shanghai since the mid-1990s, reports on the emergence and formation of an urban middle class in contemporary Chinese cities. It is argued that this middle class came into existence when China’s economy was marketized and the social structure had undergone a major transformation as a result of such economic changes. Within a period of 20-25 years, there witnessed the birth of a middle class in the context of the transition to a post-socialist economy, the formation of new class identities and lifestyles, and growing class-related anxieties. Our discussion covers the formation of this urban middle class, its social and cultural outlooks, and an analysis of how their class interests shape the social landscape of the Chinese cities.
Chapters in this book
- Front Matter i
- Contents iii
- List of Tables and Figures v
- Notes on Contributors vii
- Acknowledgments xii
- Preface xiii
- Robert Park in China 1
- “Bewitched by the History Behind the Walls” 17
- Moral Order in the Post-Socialist Chinese City 41
- Learning from Chicago (and LA)? 61
- From Chicago to Shenzhen, via Birmingham 81
- Urbanization and Economic Development 101
- The Handshake 302 Village Hack Residency 125
- Beijing Ring Roads and the Poetics of Excess and Ordinariness 141
- Pathways to Urban Residency and Subjective Well-Being in Beijing 157
- A Study of Socio-spatial Segregation of Rural Migrants in Shenzhen 185
- The Anxious Middle Class of Urban China 207
- Conclusion 231
- Index 247
Chapters in this book
- Front Matter i
- Contents iii
- List of Tables and Figures v
- Notes on Contributors vii
- Acknowledgments xii
- Preface xiii
- Robert Park in China 1
- “Bewitched by the History Behind the Walls” 17
- Moral Order in the Post-Socialist Chinese City 41
- Learning from Chicago (and LA)? 61
- From Chicago to Shenzhen, via Birmingham 81
- Urbanization and Economic Development 101
- The Handshake 302 Village Hack Residency 125
- Beijing Ring Roads and the Poetics of Excess and Ordinariness 141
- Pathways to Urban Residency and Subjective Well-Being in Beijing 157
- A Study of Socio-spatial Segregation of Rural Migrants in Shenzhen 185
- The Anxious Middle Class of Urban China 207
- Conclusion 231
- Index 247
