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2 Toxic experiences: what young people say about schools

Abstract

Schools can harm their students through mechanisms of educational disengagement, lack of a sense of belonging in a school community, and fear and anxiety. If schools do not engage students in learning or build their sense of belonging in school, students may seek ways to define their identity, status and transition to adulthood via other markers, which can include substance use, violence and other risk behaviours. If students feel unsafe at school or anxious about schoolwork, this can harm their mental health directly. It can encourage engagement in risk behaviours via, for example, self-medicating with substance use, or it can encourage protection-seeking by involvement with anti-school peer groups, facilitated by involvement in violence and substance use.

Abstract

Schools can harm their students through mechanisms of educational disengagement, lack of a sense of belonging in a school community, and fear and anxiety. If schools do not engage students in learning or build their sense of belonging in school, students may seek ways to define their identity, status and transition to adulthood via other markers, which can include substance use, violence and other risk behaviours. If students feel unsafe at school or anxious about schoolwork, this can harm their mental health directly. It can encourage engagement in risk behaviours via, for example, self-medicating with substance use, or it can encourage protection-seeking by involvement with anti-school peer groups, facilitated by involvement in violence and substance use.

Heruntergeladen am 2.5.2026 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.56687/9781447375340-004/html?lang=de
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