4 Manchus, Mongols, and Russians in Conflict, 1670–1690

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. Maps xi
4. Preface xiii
5. Acknowledgments xvii
6. Note on Names, Dates,Weights and Measures, and Chinese Characters xix
7. Introduction 1
8. Part one The Formation of the Central Eurasian States
9. 1 Environments, State Building, and National Identity 15
10. 2 The Ming, Muscovy, and Siberia, 1400–1600 51
11. 3 Central Eurasian Interactions and the Rise of the Manchus, 1600–1670 94
12. Part Two Contending for Power
13. 4 Manchus, Mongols, and Russians in Conflict, 1670–1690 133
14. 5 Eating Snow: The End of Galdan, 1690–1697 174
15. 6 Imperial Overreach and Zunghar Survival, 1700–1731 209
16. 7 The Final Blows, 1734–1771 256
17. Part Three The Economic Basis of Empire
18. 8 Cannons on Camelback: Ecological Structures and Economic Conjunctures 303
19. 9 Land Settlement and Military Colonies 324
20. 10 Harvests and Relief 358
21. 11 Currency and Commerce 378
22. Part Four Fixing Frontiers
23. 12 Moving through the Land 409
24. 13 Marking Time:Writing Imperial History 462
25. Part Five Legacies and Implications
26. 14 Writing the National History of Conquest 497
27. 15 State Building in Europe and Asia 518
28. 16 Frontier Expansion in the Rise and Fall of the Qing 547
29. Appendix A Rulers and Reigns 569
30. Appendix B The Yongzheng Emperor Reels from the News of Disaster, 1731 571
31. Appendix C Haggling at the Border 575
32. Appendix D Gansu Harvests and Yields 583
33. Appendix E Climate and Harvests in the Northwest 589
34. Abbreviations 591
35. Notes 593
36. Bibliography 671
37. Illustration Credits 707
38. Index 711