Home Artificial aging and creep of an Al–Ge–Si alloy
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Artificial aging and creep of an Al–Ge–Si alloy

  • Jörg Murken , Ashim K. Mukhopadhyay , Birgit Skrotzki EMAIL logo and Gunther Eggeler
Published/Copyright: January 5, 2022
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Author Information
International Journal of Materials Research
From the journal International Journal of Materials Research Volume 94 Issue 1

Abstract

The microstructural stability of a peak-aged (24 h at 160°C) Al–Ge–Si alloy, containing incoherent GeSi precipitates with high interfacial energy, has been examined under different creep conditions, with temperatures varying from 120 to 140 °C and initial stresses varying from 65 to 85 MPa. A combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction revealed that under all creep conditions, fresh nucleation of second-phase precipitates occurs in the alloy. TEM and quantitative image analysis demonstrated that exposure at 120 °C with and without stress has no observable effect on the precipitate size, while increasing the creep temperature to 140 °C coarsens the precipitates. Furthermore, prolonging the isothermal aging time at 160 °C coarsens the second-phase precipitates considerably. These results are discussed in terms of the known factors responsible for the coarsening of precipitates in age-hardenable alloy systems.

Abstract

Es wurde die Gefügestabilität einer maximal ausgehärteten (24 h bei 160°C) Al–Ge–Si-Legierung mit inkohärenten GeSi-Ausscheidungen hoher Grenzflächenenergie unter Kriechbedingungen untersucht. Die Temperatur wurde dabei zwischen 120 und 140 °C und die Spannung zwischen 65 und 85 MPa variiert. Die Kombination von Durchstrahlungselektronenmikroskopie (TEM) und Röntgenbeugung zeigte, dass unter allen Kriechbedingungen neue Ausscheidungen gebildet werden. Mittels TEM und quantitativer Gefügeanalyse wurde nachgewiesen, dass Alterung bei 120 °C mit und ohne Spannung die Größe der Ausscheidungen nicht beeinflusst, während eine Erhöhung der Kriechtemperatur auf 140 °C die Ausscheidungen vergröbert. Darüber hinaus resultiert isotherme Alterung bei 160 °C in einer beträchtlichen Vergröberung der zweiten Phase. Die Ergebnisse werden hinsichtlich der bekannten Faktoren diskutiert, die für die Vergröberung der Ausscheidungen in ausscheidungshärtbaren Legierungssystemen verantwortlich sind.

Keywords: Aging; Creep; Coarsening; Al-Si-Ge alloy; Precipitates; Microstructural stability; TEM; Quantitative image analysis
Priv. Doz. Dr.-Ing. Birgit Skrotzki Institute for Materials Ruhr-University Bochum D-44780 Bochum, Germany Tel.: +49 234 32 26041 Fax: +49 234 32 06041

Funding statement: The funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG Sk 47/1-1 and Sk 47/1-2) is gratefully acknowledged. AKM also wishes to thank both the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany, and the Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO), Government of India, for additional financial support of this project. The authors would like to thank G. Kausträter for assistance in the creep experiments and O. Girard for help with the evaluation of the TEM micrographs.

References

1 I.J. Polmear, G. Pons, Y. Barbaux, H. Octur, C. Sanchez, A.J. Morton, W.E. Borbidge, S. Rogers: Mater. Sci. Technol. 15 (1999) 861–868.10.1179/026708399101506599Search in Google Scholar

2 S.M. Kazanjian, N. Wang, E.A. Starke, Jr.: Mater. Sci. Eng. A 234-236 (1997) 571–574.10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00240-2Search in Google Scholar

3 E. Evangelista, L. Kloc, S. Spiragelli, E. Cerri: Mater. Sci. Forum 217-222 (1996) 287–290.Search in Google Scholar

4 J. Wang, X. Wu, K. Xia: Mater. Sci. Eng. A 234-236 (1997) 287–290.10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00141-XSearch in Google Scholar

5 R. Mächler, L. Eschbach, C. Gerdes, C. Solenthaler, M.O. Speidel: Mater. Sci. Forum 217–222 (1996) 1771–1776.10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.217-222.1771Search in Google Scholar

6 J. Dünnwald, E. El-Magd, M. Deuper, L. Löchte, G. Gottstein, in: F. Aldinger, H. Mughrabi (Eds.), Werkstoffwoche ’96, Symposium 7, DGM-Informationsgesellschaft Verlag, Frankfurt (1997) 23–28.Search in Google Scholar

7 B. Skrotzki, H. Hargarter, E.A. Starke, Jr.: Mater. Sci. Forum 217–222 (1996) 1245–1250.10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.217-222.1245Search in Google Scholar

8 S. Pantelakis, A. Kyrsanidi, E. El-Magd, J. Dünnwald, Y. Barbaux, G. Pons: Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. 31 (1999) 31–39.10.1016/S0167-8442(98)00064-0Search in Google Scholar

9 W. Blum, B. Reppich, in: B. Wilshire, R. W. Evans (Eds.), Creep Behaviour of Crystalline Solids, Pineridge Press, Swansea (1985) 83–135.Search in Google Scholar

10 M.A. Morris, J.L. Martin: Acta Metall. 32 (1984) 549–561.10.1016/0001-6160(84)90066-XSearch in Google Scholar

11 M.A. Morris, J.L. Martin: Acta Metall. 32 (1984) 1609–1623.10.1016/0001-6160(84)90220-7Search in Google Scholar

12 P. Anongba, J. Bonneville, J.L. Verger-Gaugry: Scripta Metall. 21 (1987) 777–782.10.1016/0036-9748(87)90321-8Search in Google Scholar

13 W. Blum, A. Rosen, A. Cegielska, J.L. Martin: Acta Metall. 37 (1989) 2439–2453.10.1016/0001-6160(89)90041-2Search in Google Scholar

14 M.J. Mills, J.C. Gibeling, W.D. Nix: Acta Metall. 33 (1985) 1503–1514.10.1016/0001-6160(85)90051-3Search in Google Scholar

15 M.J. Mills, J.C. Gibeling,W.D. Nix: Acta Metall. 34 (1986) 915–925.10.1016/0001-6160(86)90065-9Search in Google Scholar

16 K.H. Westmacott, U. Dahmen, in: G.W. Lorimer (Ed.), Proc.Phase Transformations 87, Inst. of Metals, London (1988) 357–364.Search in Google Scholar

17 E. Hornbogen, A.K. Mukhopadhyay, E.A. Starke, Jr.: Scripta Metall. Mater. 27 (1992) 733–738.10.1016/0956-716X(92)90497-3Search in Google Scholar

18 E. Hornbogen, A.K. Mukhopadhyay, E.A. Starke, Jr., in: H.L. Arnberg et al. (Eds.), Proc. ICAA-3, Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim, Norway (1992) 199–205.Search in Google Scholar

19 D. Mitlin, U. Dahmen, V. Radmilovic, J.W. Morris, Jr.: Mater. Sci. Eng. A 301 (2001) 231–236.10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01799-8Search in Google Scholar

20 J. Murken, O. Girard, B. Skrotzki: Pract. Metallography 39 (2002) 36–52.Search in Google Scholar

21 B. Skrotzki, G.J. Shiflet, E.A. Starke, Jr.: Metall. Mater. Trans. A 27 (1996) 3431–3444.10.1007/BF02595436Search in Google Scholar

22 J. Murken, O. Girard, R. Höhner, B. Skrotzki, G. Eggeler: Mater. Sci. Forum 331–337 (2000) 1507–1512.10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.331-337.1507Search in Google Scholar

23 B.D. Cullity: Elements of X-ray Diffraction, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1959) 338.Search in Google Scholar

24 A.K. Mukhopadhyay, J. Murken, B. Skrotzki, G. Eggeler: Mater. Sci. Forum 331–337 (2000) 1555–1560.10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.331-337.1555Search in Google Scholar

25 A.K. Mukhopadhyay, P. Ghosal, K.S. Prasad, V.V. Rama Rao: Metall. Mater. Trans. A 31 (2000) 2093–2097.10.1007/s11661-000-0237-5Search in Google Scholar

26 A.K. Mukhopadhyay, K.S. Prasad, P. Ghosal: Mater. Sci. Forum 396–402 (2002) 899–904.10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.396-402.899Search in Google Scholar

27 P.M. Kelly, A. Jostons, R.G. Blake, J.C. Napier: phys. stat. sol.(a) 31 (1975) 771–780.10.1002/pssa.2210310251Search in Google Scholar

28 W.C. Johnson: Metal Trans. A 18 (1987) 233–247.10.1007/BF02825704Search in Google Scholar

29 J.W. Martin, R.D. Doherty, B. Cantor: Stability of Microstructure in Metallic Systems, Cambridge University Press, 2nd Ed., Cambridge, UK (1997).10.1017/CBO9780511623134Search in Google Scholar

30 I.M. Lifshitz, V.V. Slyozov: J. Phys. Chem. Soilds 19 (1961) 35–50.10.1016/0022-3697(61)90054-3Search in Google Scholar

31 C. Wagner: Z. Elektrochemie 65 (1961) 581–591.Search in Google Scholar

32 L.F. Monodolfo: Aluminium Alloys: Structure and Properties, Butterworths, London (1976) 292 and 368.Search in Google Scholar

33 H. Königsmann: Ph. D. Thesis, University of Virginia (1996).Search in Google Scholar

34 T. Zumkley, H. Mehrer: Z. Metallkd. 89 (1998) 454–463.Search in Google Scholar

35 H. Mehrer (Ed.): Diffusion of Solid Metals and Alloys, Vol. 26, Landolt-Börnstein, New Series, Springer Verlag, Berlin (1990).10.1007/b37801Search in Google Scholar

36 A.K. Mukhopadhyay: Metall. Mater. Trans. A 32 (2001) 1949–1958.10.1007/s11661-001-0007-zSearch in Google Scholar

37 D. Mitlin, V. Radmilovic, U. Dahmen, J.W. Morris, Jr.: Metall. Mater. Trans. A 32 (2001) 197–199.10.1007/s11661-998-0335-3Search in Google Scholar
Received: 2002-08-05
Published Online: 2022-01-05

© 2003 Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Editorial
  4. Preisverleihung
  5. Werner-Köster-Preis 2001
  6. Aufsätze
  7. On crystallographic texture in real face-centred cubic single crystals
  8. Thermodynamic assessment of the Pb–Zn system
  9. Lattice misfit in CMSX4-like nickel-base superalloys and its temperature dependence
  10. Surface gas nitriding of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.08Si alloys
  11. The effect of Nd substitution for mischmetal on creep performance of Mg-2.5 RE-0.35 Zn-0.3 Mn-0.03 Zr alloy
  12. Decarburization-controlled internal oxidation of rolling bearing steel SAE 52100 at the dissociation pressure of wüstite
  13. Oxidation behavior of TiNi–Pd shape memory alloys
  14. Recrystallization and particle growth in Al-based SiC particle-reinforced composites
  15. Artificial aging and creep of an Al–Ge–Si alloy
  16. Effect of solution hardening on high-speed deformation for ferritic steels
  17. Transient temperature and internal stress analysis of quenched centric and eccentric cylindrical tubes
  18. Instructions for Authors/Richtlinien Für Autoren
  19. Instructions to authors/Richtlinien Für Autoren
  20. Notifications/Mitteilungen
  21. Personal/Personelles
  22. Books/Bücher
  23. Conferences/Konferenzen
https://doi.org/10.3139/ijmr-2003-0011
Keywords for this article
Aging; Creep; Coarsening; Al-Si-Ge alloy; Precipitates; Microstructural stability; TEM; Quantitative image analysis

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Editorial
  4. Preisverleihung
  5. Werner-Köster-Preis 2001
  6. Aufsätze
  7. On crystallographic texture in real face-centred cubic single crystals
  8. Thermodynamic assessment of the Pb–Zn system
  9. Lattice misfit in CMSX4-like nickel-base superalloys and its temperature dependence
  10. Surface gas nitriding of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.08Si alloys
  11. The effect of Nd substitution for mischmetal on creep performance of Mg-2.5 RE-0.35 Zn-0.3 Mn-0.03 Zr alloy
  12. Decarburization-controlled internal oxidation of rolling bearing steel SAE 52100 at the dissociation pressure of wüstite
  13. Oxidation behavior of TiNi–Pd shape memory alloys
  14. Recrystallization and particle growth in Al-based SiC particle-reinforced composites
  15. Artificial aging and creep of an Al–Ge–Si alloy
  16. Effect of solution hardening on high-speed deformation for ferritic steels
  17. Transient temperature and internal stress analysis of quenched centric and eccentric cylindrical tubes
  18. Instructions for Authors/Richtlinien Für Autoren
  19. Instructions to authors/Richtlinien Für Autoren
  20. Notifications/Mitteilungen
  21. Personal/Personelles
  22. Books/Bücher
  23. Conferences/Konferenzen
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 16.11.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.3139/ijmr-2003-0011/pdf
Scroll to top button