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Gradient Materials: An Overview of a Novel Concept

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Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 1. Dezember 2021
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International Journal of Materials Research
Aus der Zeitschrift International Journal of Materials Research Band 88 Heft 5

Abstract

This paper provides a definition and classification of functionally graded materials (FGM). FGM manufacturing processes based on the modification of existing techniques like powder metallurgy are compared to non-conventional methods such as sedimentation. The ability of FGM’s to reduce thermal stresses is critically reviewed, and it is demonstrated that optimum performance can only be achieved if the thermomechanical property profile is adapted to the geometry and service conditions of the component. Determination of the thermomechanical property profile of FGM’s will require new techniques with high spatial resolution. The potential of FGM’s as high-temperature materials, hard materials, biomaterials and electronic materials is described and new applications in the field of functional materials are proposed.

Abstract

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Gradientenwerkstoffe definiert und einer Einteilung unterzogen. Herstellungsmethoden für Gradientenwerkstoffe, die auf einer Abwandlung bereits bekannter Methoden wie der Pulvermetallurgie basieren, werden mit weniger konventionellen Methoden wie z. B. Sedimentation verglichen. Die Fähigkeit von Gradientenwerkstoffen zum Abbau von thermischen Spannungen wird untersucht, und es wird gezeigt, daß eine optimale Leistungsfähigkeit nur erzielt werden kann, wenn das Profil der thermomechanischen Eigenschaften auf die Geometrie und die Einsatzbedingungen des Bauteils abgestimmt wird. Die Ermittlung von thermomechanischen Eigenschaftsprofilen erfordert oftmals neuartige Methoden mit einer hohen räumlichen Auflösung. Schließlich wird das Potential der Gradientenwerkstoffe als Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe, Hartstoffe, Biowerkstoffe und elektronische Werkstoffe beschrieben und neue Anwendungsmöglichkeiten auf dem Gebiet der Funktionswerkstoffe werden vorgeschlagen.

A. Neubrand, J. Rödel FB Materialwissenschaft TH Darmstadt Petersenstr. 23 64287 Darmstadt

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Received: 1996-08-12
Published Online: 2021-12-01

© 1997 Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Aufsätze
  3. Gradient Materials: An Overview of a Novel Concept
  4. On the Systematics of Phase Equilibria in Complex Magnesium-Rare Earth Systems: Gd–Y–Mg System
  5. Discussion of the Al–Co Phase Diagram
  6. Phase Equilibria in the Al-rich Portion of the Ternary System Co– Ni –Al at 75 and 78 at.% Al
  7. Phases and Phase Equilibria in the Quaternary System Ti –Cu–Al –N at 850 °C
  8. Atom Probe Analysis of the First Stage of Tempering of Iron–Carbon–Nitrogen Martensite
  9. Deformation Behaviour and Two-way Shape Memory Effect of NiTi Alloys
  10. Physical Interpretation of a Viscoplastic Model Applied to High Temperature Performance of a Nickel-base Superalloy
  11. Prediction of Solute Concentration Profiles for Discontinuous Dissolution
  12. Interdiffusion in the Ti-rich Phases of the Ti – Al System
  13. Interdiffusion Studies in the System MgO–FeO
  14. Crystallization of MgO–B2O3–SiO2 Slag Observed by In Situ TEM
  15. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V.
  16. Personen
  17. Buchbesprechungen
  18. P. Gümpel: Rostfreie Stähle
  19. Terminkalender
https://doi.org/10.3139/ijmr-1997-0066

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Aufsätze
  3. Gradient Materials: An Overview of a Novel Concept
  4. On the Systematics of Phase Equilibria in Complex Magnesium-Rare Earth Systems: Gd–Y–Mg System
  5. Discussion of the Al–Co Phase Diagram
  6. Phase Equilibria in the Al-rich Portion of the Ternary System Co– Ni –Al at 75 and 78 at.% Al
  7. Phases and Phase Equilibria in the Quaternary System Ti –Cu–Al –N at 850 °C
  8. Atom Probe Analysis of the First Stage of Tempering of Iron–Carbon–Nitrogen Martensite
  9. Deformation Behaviour and Two-way Shape Memory Effect of NiTi Alloys
  10. Physical Interpretation of a Viscoplastic Model Applied to High Temperature Performance of a Nickel-base Superalloy
  11. Prediction of Solute Concentration Profiles for Discontinuous Dissolution
  12. Interdiffusion in the Ti-rich Phases of the Ti – Al System
  13. Interdiffusion Studies in the System MgO–FeO
  14. Crystallization of MgO–B2O3–SiO2 Slag Observed by In Situ TEM
  15. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V.
  16. Personen
  17. Buchbesprechungen
  18. P. Gümpel: Rostfreie Stähle
  19. Terminkalender
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