Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Intumescent Flame Retardant and its Application in LLDPE
-
W. Ye
Abstract
In this study, a novel phosphorus-containing flame retardant (IFR) of spirocyclic pentaerythritol diphosphonate dinitroguanidine (SPDD) was successfully synthesized, which was characterized by 1H NMR, 31P NMR and FTIR spectra. At the same time, the SPDD was used in LLDPE to prepare flame-retardant materials whose flammability and thermal behavior were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The TGA data showed that SPDD could effectively enhance the thermal stability and char residue of LLDPE/IFR composite. And with the increase of SPDD, the LOI value of LLDPE/IFR increases obviously. When SPDD reached 30 wt%, the LOI value of LLDPE/IFR reaches 31 %. The SEM also shows the surface of intumescent chars of LLDPE/IFR (30 %) has many sphere-like swollen bubbles.
References
Balabanovich, A. I., “Thermal Decomposition Study of Intumescent Additives: Pentaerythritol Phosphate and Its Blend with Melamine Phosphate”, Thermochim. Acta., 435, 188–196 (2005) 10.1016/j.tca.2005.05.019Search in Google Scholar
Brehme, S. B., Schartel, J., Goebbels, O., Fischer, D., Pospiech, Y. and Doring, M., “Phosphorus Polyester Versus Aluminium Phosphinate in Poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT): Flame Retardancy Performance and Mechanisms”, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 96, 875–884 (2011) 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.01.035Search in Google Scholar
Chen, G. H., Yang, B. and Wang, Y. Z., “A Novel Flame Retardant of Spirocyclic Pentaerythritol Bisphosphorate for Epoxy Resins”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 102, 4978–4982 (2006) 10.1002/app.24881Search in Google Scholar
Chen, Y. H., Wang, Q., “Reaction of Melamine Phosphate with Pentaerythritol and Its Products for Flame Retardation of Polypropylene”, Polym. Advan. Technol., 18, 587–600 (2007) 10.1002/pat.845Search in Google Scholar
Du, L. C., Xu, G. Y., Zhang, Y. C., Qian, J. S. and Chen, J. Y., “Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR) and Its Application in Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM)”, Polym-Plast. Technol., 50, 372–378 (2011)10.1080/03602559.2010.543224Search in Google Scholar
Huang, G. B., Gao, J. R. and Wang, X., “Preparation and Characterization of Montmorillonite Modified by Phosphorus-Nitrogen Containing Quaternary Ammonium Salts”, Appl. Surf. Sci., 258, 4054–4062 (2012) 10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.12.099Search in Google Scholar
Huang, J. Q., Zhang, Y. Q. and Yang, Q., Liao, X., Li, G. X., “Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Charring Agent and Its Application in Intumescent Flame Retardant Polypropylene System”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 123, 1636–1644 (2012) 10.1002/app.34578Search in Google Scholar
Isitman, N. A., Dogan, M., Bayramli, E. and Kaynak, C., “The Role of Nanoparticle Geometry in Flame Retardancy of Polylactide Nanocomposites Containing Aluminium Phosphinate”, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 97, 1285–1296 (2012) 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.05.028Search in Google Scholar
Li, Q., Jiang, P. K. and Wei, P., “Thermal Degradation Behavior of Poly(propylene) with a Novel Silicon on-Containing Intumescent Flame Retardant”, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 290, 912–919 (2005) 10.1002/mame.200500109Search in Google Scholar
Li, S. M., Yuan, H., Yu, T., Yuan, W. Z. and Ren, J., “Flame-Retardancy and Anti-Dripping Effects of Intumescent Flame Retardant Incorporating Montmorillonite on Poly(lactic acid)”, Polym. Advan. Technol., 20, 1114–1120 (2009) 10.1002/pat.1372Search in Google Scholar
Lim, W. K. P., Mariatti, M., Chow, W. S., Mar, K. T., “Effect of Intumescent Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) and Melamine Cyanurate (MC) on the Properties of Epoxy/Glass Fiber Composites”, Compos. Part. B-Eng., 43, 124–128 (2012) 10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.11.013Search in Google Scholar
Liu, Y., Deng, C. L., Zhao, J., Wang, J. S., Chen, L. and Wang, Y. Z., “An Efficiently Halogen-Free Flame-Retardant Long-Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene System”, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 96, 363–370 (2011) 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.02.033Search in Google Scholar
Lu, C. X., Wang, J., Chen, L., Fu, Q. A. and Cai, X. F., “The Effect of Adjuvant on the Halogen-Free Intumescent Flame Retardant ABS/PA6/SMA/APP Blend”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 118, 1552–1560 (2010)Search in Google Scholar
Nguyen, C., Kim, J., “Thermal Stabilities and Flame Retardancies of Nitrogen-Phosphorus Flame Retardants Based on Bisphosphoramidates”, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 93, 1037–1043 (2008) 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.03.024Search in Google Scholar
Pal, K., Rastogi, J. N., “Development of Halogen-Free Flame-Retardant Thermoplastic Elastomer Polymer Blend”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 94, 407–415 (2004) 10.1002/app.20520Search in Google Scholar
Wang, L. C., Jiang, J. Q., Jiang, P. K. and Yu, J. H., “Synthesis, Characteristic of a Novel Flame Retardant Containing Phosphorus, Silicon and Its Application in Ethylene Vinyl-Acetate Copolymer (EVM) Rubber”, J. Polym. Res., 17, 891–902 (2010) 10.1007/s10965-009-9381-9Search in Google Scholar
Wang, Q., Chen, Y. H., “Reaction of Melamine Phosphate with Pentaerythritol and Its Products for Flame Retardation of Polypropylene”, Polym. Advan. Technol., 18, 587–600 (2007) 10.1002/pat.845Search in Google Scholar
Xiang, H. W., Sun, C. Y., Jiang, D. W., Zhang, Q. B., Dong, C. M. and Liu, L., “A Novel Halogen-Free Intumescent Flame Retardant Containing Phosphorus and Nitrogen and Its Application in Polypropylene Systems”, J. Vinyl. Addit. Techn., 16, 261–271 (2010) 10.1002/vnl.20235Search in Google Scholar
Ye, L., Wu, Q. H. and Qu, B. J., “Photocrosslinking and Related Properties of Intumescent Flame-Retardant LLDPE/EVA/IFR Blends”, Polym. Advan. Technol., 23, 858–865 (2012) 10.1002/pat.1980Search in Google Scholar
© 2014, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents
- Contents
- Regular Contributed Articles
- The Processing Behavior of Liquid Sn/Molten Polyethylene during Internal Mixing
- Study on Packing Phase Control Based on the Cavity Pressure-Temperature during Injection Molding
- Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Intumescent Flame Retardant and its Application in LLDPE
- The Mechanism of Neck-in Phenomenon in Film Casting Process
- Morphology, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Recycled PC/ABS Blends Processed via Vane Extruder
- Thermal Conductivity of Polypropylene Composites with Combined Boron Nitride Fillers
- Characterization on Biodegradation of Enzymatically Synthesized Polylactic Acid by Using Alkaline Protease and Lipase
- Numerical Investigation and Experimental Observation of Extrudate Swell for Viscoelastic Polymer Melts
- Processing and Wear Analysis of Blast Furnace Slag Filled Polypropylene Composites Using Taguchi Model and ANN
- Microchannel Deformation of Polymer Chip in In-Mold Bonding
- Synthesis and Characteristics of Graft Copolymerization of Starch-G-PAM Using A Twin-Roll Mixer as Reactor for Cornstarch with Different Amylose/Amylopectin Ratios
- Experimental Investigation of PC-Films Using Optical Measurements
- Effect of Compounding Conditions on Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene/Ground Tire Rubber Blends
- Effect of Feeding Strategy on the Mechanical Properties of PP/Recycled EPDM/PP-G-MA Blends
- Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan & Amino Acid Superabsorbent Hydrogels
- Rapid Communications
- Negative Pressures in Modelling Rotating Polymer Processing Machinery Are Meaningless, But They Are Telling Something
- PPS News
- PPS News
- Seikei-Kakou Abstracts
- Seikei-Kakou Abstracts
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents
- Contents
- Regular Contributed Articles
- The Processing Behavior of Liquid Sn/Molten Polyethylene during Internal Mixing
- Study on Packing Phase Control Based on the Cavity Pressure-Temperature during Injection Molding
- Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Intumescent Flame Retardant and its Application in LLDPE
- The Mechanism of Neck-in Phenomenon in Film Casting Process
- Morphology, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Recycled PC/ABS Blends Processed via Vane Extruder
- Thermal Conductivity of Polypropylene Composites with Combined Boron Nitride Fillers
- Characterization on Biodegradation of Enzymatically Synthesized Polylactic Acid by Using Alkaline Protease and Lipase
- Numerical Investigation and Experimental Observation of Extrudate Swell for Viscoelastic Polymer Melts
- Processing and Wear Analysis of Blast Furnace Slag Filled Polypropylene Composites Using Taguchi Model and ANN
- Microchannel Deformation of Polymer Chip in In-Mold Bonding
- Synthesis and Characteristics of Graft Copolymerization of Starch-G-PAM Using A Twin-Roll Mixer as Reactor for Cornstarch with Different Amylose/Amylopectin Ratios
- Experimental Investigation of PC-Films Using Optical Measurements
- Effect of Compounding Conditions on Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene/Ground Tire Rubber Blends
- Effect of Feeding Strategy on the Mechanical Properties of PP/Recycled EPDM/PP-G-MA Blends
- Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan & Amino Acid Superabsorbent Hydrogels
- Rapid Communications
- Negative Pressures in Modelling Rotating Polymer Processing Machinery Are Meaningless, But They Are Telling Something
- PPS News
- PPS News
- Seikei-Kakou Abstracts
- Seikei-Kakou Abstracts
