Effects of Zinc Salts of Sulfonated Natural Rubber on Mechanical Properties, Morphology and Compatibility of Natural Rubber/Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Blends
-
N. Lopattananon
Abstract
Rubbery ionomer based on zinc salt of sulfonated natural rubber (Zn-SNR) was employed as a new compatibilizer to prepare blends of natural rubber (NR) and chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) with different compositions by melt mixing process. Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), known as an effective compatibilizer for such blends, was also incorporated into the blends. The role of ionomer and ENR on NR/CSM blend properties and morphology was evaluated by mean of tensile measurement, oil resistance testing, DMTA and SEM. The tensile properties and oil resistance of the blends were found to increase with respect to CSM content, and increased further on compatibilization with Zn-SNR and ENR. The blends compatibilized with Zn-SNR showed a similar or higher level of improvement in tensile strength and elongation at break as compared to those of ENR. The tensile strength for all of the compatibilized blends was greater than that of corresponding neat blends by 23 to 113%. The mechanism for enhancing in tensile properties of the blends using the Zn-SNR compatibilizing agent has been proposed. The observation of DMTA and SEM showed that the blends were two-separated phase morphology. However, the addition of Zn-SNR to NR/CSM blends resulted in promoted compatibility as indicated by a shift in the tan peak of CSM to lower temperature, a reduction in dispersed phase size and better adhesion between NR and CSM. These results demonstrated that the Zn-SNR is a new reactive compatibilizer for NR and CSM blends.
References
Agarwal, P. K., et al., “Infra-red Investigation of Sulphonated EPDM Polymers”, Polymer, 28, 1467–1471 (1987)10.1016/0032-3861(87)90343-0Search in Google Scholar
Barlow, J. W., Paul, D. R., “Mechanical Compatibilization of Immiscible Blends”, Polym. Eng. Sci., 24, 525–534 (1984)10.1002/pen.760240804Search in Google Scholar
U.S. Patent 3642728 (1972) Canter, N. H.Search in Google Scholar
Dutta, D., et al., “Compatibilization of Blends Containing Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers with Sulfonate Ionomers”, Polymer, 37, 429–435 (1996)10.1016/0032-3861(96)82912-0Search in Google Scholar
Davey, J. E., Loadman, M. J., “A Chemical Demonstration of the Randomness of Epoxidation of Natural Rubber”, Brit. Polym. J., 16, 134–138 (1984)10.1002/pi.4980160305Search in Google Scholar
Faullimmel, J. G., et al., “Sulfonated Natural Rubber. I. Sulfonation by Acetyl Sulfate”, J. Sci. Res. Chula. Univ., 15, 3–10 (1990)Search in Google Scholar
Lepers, J. C., et al., “The Relative Role of Coalescence and Interfacial Tension on Controlling Dispersed Phase Size Reduction during the Compatibilization of Polyethylene Terephthalate/Polypropylene Blends”, J. Polym. Sci., Part B, Polym. Phys., 35, 2271–2280 (1997)10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(199710)35:14<2271::AID-POLB7>3.0.CO;2-ZSearch in Google Scholar
Lu, X., Weiss, R. A., “Specific Interactions and Ionic Aggregation in Miscible Blends of Nylon-6 and Zinc Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomer”, Macromolecule, 25, 61856189 (1992)10.1021/ma00049a015Search in Google Scholar
Maynard, J. T., Johnson, P. R., “Ionic Crosslinking of Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 7, 1943–1950 (1963)10.1002/app.1963.070070529Search in Google Scholar
Mukhopadhyay, S., De, S. K., “Self-vulcanizable Rubber Blend System based on Epoxidized Natural Rubber and Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene”, J. Mater. Sci., 25, 4027–4031 (1990)10.1007/BF00582476Search in Google Scholar
Mukhopadhyay, S., De, S. K., “Miscibility of Self-vulcanizable Rubber Blend based on Epoxidized Natural Rubber and Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene: Effect of Blend Composition, Epoxy Content of Epoxidized Natural Rubber and Reinforcing Black Filler”, Polymer, 32, 1223–1229 (1991)10.1016/0032-3861(91)90225-8Search in Google Scholar
Nakason, C., et al., “Preparation, Thermal and Flow Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber”, Songkla. J. Sci. Techn., 23, 415–424 (2001)Search in Google Scholar
Nersasian, A., et al., “Novel Curing Systems for Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 8, 337–354 (1964)10.1002/app.1964.070080121Search in Google Scholar
Rahrig, D., et al., “Sulfonation of a Polypentamer and Preparation of its Hydrogenated Derivatives”, Macromolecule, 12, 195–203 (1979)10.1021/ma60068a006Search in Google Scholar
Roychoudhury, A., et al., “FTIR and NMR studies on Crosslinking Reation between Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene and Epoxidized Natural Rubber”, Rubber. Chem. Techn., 66, 230–241 (1993)10.5254/1.3538308Search in Google Scholar
Sirisinha, C., et al., “Oil Resistance Controlled by Phase Morphology in Natural Rubber/Nitrile Rubber Blends”, J. App. Polym. Sci., 87, 83–89 (2003)10.1002/app.11673Search in Google Scholar
Sirisinha, C., et al., “Oil and Thermal Aging Resistance in Compatibilized and Thermally Stabilized Chlorinated Polyethylene/Natural Rubber Blends”, Polymer, 45, 4909–4916 (2004)10.1016/j.polymer.2004.05.015Search in Google Scholar
Sirqueira, A. S., Soares, B. G., “The Effect of Mercapto-and Thioacetate-modified EPDM on the Curing Parameters and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber/EPDM Blends”, Eur. Polym. J., 39, 2283–2290 (2003)10.1016/S0014-3057(03)00163-0Search in Google Scholar
Son, Y., Weiss, R. A., “Compatibilization of Syndiotactic Polystyrene and a Thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline Polymer Blend with a Zinc Salt of a Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomer”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 87, 564–568 (2003)10.1002/app.11467Search in Google Scholar
Tanrattanakul, V., Petchkaew, A., “Mechanical Properties and Blend Compatibility of Natural rubber-Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Blends”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 99, 127–140 (2006)10.1002/app.22500Search in Google Scholar
Weiss, R. A., et al., “Block Copolymer Ionomers: 1. Synthesis and Physical Properties of Sulphonated Poly(styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene)”, Polymer, 32, 1867–1874 (1991)10.1016/0032-3861(91)90378-VSearch in Google Scholar
Wootthikanokkhan, J., Tongrubbai, B., “A Study on Morphology and Physical Properties of Natural-Acrylic Rubber Blends”, J. App. Polym. Sci., 86, 1532–1539 (2002)10.1002/app.10899Search in Google Scholar
Xavier, T., et al., “Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Melt-Processable Ionomers based on Radiation Induced Styrene Grafted Natural Rubber”, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 286, 507–512 (2001)10.1002/1439-2054(20010901)286:9<507::AID-MAME507>3.0.CO;2-7Search in Google Scholar
Xie, H.-Q., et al., “Preparation, Characterization, and Some Properties of Ionomers from a Sulfonated Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Triblock Copolymer without Gelation”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 96, 1398–1404 (2005)10.1002/app.21570Search in Google Scholar
Xie, H.-Q., et al., “Behaviour of Ionomers of Sulfonated Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Triblock Copolymer in Polymer Blends with Crystalline Polyolefins and as Compatibilizer”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 99, 1887–1894 (2006)10.1002/app.22657Search in Google Scholar
© 2007, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents
- Contents
- Regular Contributed Articles
- Characteristic Curves based on 3D Non-isothermal Flow Computations in Single-screw Extruder for Non-Newtonian Fluids
- Investigation on the Structure and Properties of Different PE Blown Films
- Influence of Mold Temperature on the Internal Structure and Creep Variation in the Thickness Direction of sPS Injection Moldings
- Preparation of Foam from PVC Plastisol
- Effects of Zinc Salts of Sulfonated Natural Rubber on Mechanical Properties, Morphology and Compatibility of Natural Rubber/Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Blends
- Polypropylene-Clay Nanocomposites Fibers Structure and Performance
- Rapid Communications
- Constant Temperature Microfeature Embossing with Slowly Crystallizing Polymers
- PPS News
- PPS News
- Seikei-Kakou Abstracts
- Seikei-Kakou Abstracts
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents
- Contents
- Regular Contributed Articles
- Characteristic Curves based on 3D Non-isothermal Flow Computations in Single-screw Extruder for Non-Newtonian Fluids
- Investigation on the Structure and Properties of Different PE Blown Films
- Influence of Mold Temperature on the Internal Structure and Creep Variation in the Thickness Direction of sPS Injection Moldings
- Preparation of Foam from PVC Plastisol
- Effects of Zinc Salts of Sulfonated Natural Rubber on Mechanical Properties, Morphology and Compatibility of Natural Rubber/Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Blends
- Polypropylene-Clay Nanocomposites Fibers Structure and Performance
- Rapid Communications
- Constant Temperature Microfeature Embossing with Slowly Crystallizing Polymers
- PPS News
- PPS News
- Seikei-Kakou Abstracts
- Seikei-Kakou Abstracts