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An Explanation of the Ageing Mechanism of Li-Ion Batteries by Metallographic and Material Analysis

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Published/Copyright: December 10, 2014
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Practical Metallography
From the journal Practical Metallography Volume 51 Issue 12

Abstract

Li-ion batteries are a key technology for both electro-mobility and stationary energy storage systems. In order to be able to represent and improve their service life in these applications, a better understanding of the processes which lead to the degradation of the individual cells is essential. The work presented in this article focuses on the comparative post mortem analysis of type 18650 commercially available cells containing the state of the art active materials (Cathode: LiMn2O4 (LMO) and Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 (NMC), Anode: Graphite). These cells were subjected to various different ageing procedures. Amongst other effects, the cells investigated revealed signs of crack formation in the LMO- and NMC-particles, a loss in the mechanical integrity of the cathode active mass and plastic deformation of cell structure together with pronounced delamination between the active mass layers, the separator and the current collector.

Kurzfassung

Li-Ionen-Batterien sind eine Schlüsseltechnologie für die Elektromobilität und stationäre Energiespeichersysteme. Um die hohen Lebensdaueranforderungen in diesen Anwendungen darstellen zu können, ist ein verbessertes Verständnis der Vorgänge, die zur Degradation der Zellen führen, unabdingbar. Im Fokus der vorgestellten Arbeiten stehen vergleichende Post-Mortem-Analysen von kommerziell erhältlichen 18650-Zellen mit aktuell im Einsatz befindlichen Aktivmaterialien (Kathode: Mischung aus LiMn2O4 (LMO) und Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 (NMC), Anode: Graphit), die unterschiedlichen Alterungsprozeduren unterworfen wurden. Die untersuchten Zellen zeigen unter anderem Rissbildung in den LMO- und NMC-Partikeln, einen Verlust der mechanischen Integrität der Kathodenaktivmasse sowie eine plastische Deformation des Zellwickels, einhergehend mit ausgeprägten Delaminationen zwischen Aktivmasseschichten und Separator bzw. Stromableiter.

Translation: P. Tate

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Received: 2014-10-15
Accepted: 2014-10-17
Published Online: 2014-12-10
Published in Print: 2014-12-15

© 2014, Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Editorial
  4. Editorial
  5. Technical Contributions/Fachbeiträge
  6. An Explanation of the Ageing Mechanism of Li-Ion Batteries by Metallographic and Material Analysis
  7. Phases, Morphologies, Segregations – Solidification Microstructures and their Characterization
  8. Examples of Damage: Fractures and Crack Formation in Zinc Die Casting Components
  9. Report on the 14th International Metallography Conference
  10. Meeting Diary/Veranstaltungskalender
  11. Meeting Diary
https://doi.org/10.3139/147.110325

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Editorial
  4. Editorial
  5. Technical Contributions/Fachbeiträge
  6. An Explanation of the Ageing Mechanism of Li-Ion Batteries by Metallographic and Material Analysis
  7. Phases, Morphologies, Segregations – Solidification Microstructures and their Characterization
  8. Examples of Damage: Fractures and Crack Formation in Zinc Die Casting Components
  9. Report on the 14th International Metallography Conference
  10. Meeting Diary/Veranstaltungskalender
  11. Meeting Diary
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