Home Technology Microstructure and EPR Studies of 13% Chromium Steels after Various Heat Treatments and the Influence of MnS on the EPR Test
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Microstructure and EPR Studies of 13% Chromium Steels after Various Heat Treatments and the Influence of MnS on the EPR Test

  • S. Strobl , R. Haubner and P. Linhardt
Published/Copyright: June 11, 2013
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
Practical Metallography
From the journal Practical Metallography Volume 49 Issue 3

Abstract

Current collector rings (X12Cr13 stainless steel, Mat. No. 1.4006) exhibited different susceptibilities for staining, if provided from different manufacturers. The electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation test (EPR test) revealed sensitisation as the reason for the insufficient corrosion behaviour. In the initial state, steel SS-1 shows a tempered structure and some ferrite with a sensitisation of max. 2.7%; steel SS-2 with a ferritic structure and carbides at the grain boundaries contains MnS and Ti(C,N) and exhibits sensitisation of ≈80%. After establishing a defined starting condition for both steels by solution annealing at 1050°C for 30 min, the steels were hardened in oil, air or cooled slowly in the furnace. Moreover, such oil-quenched samples were annealed at various conditions (800 or 750°C for 45 or 24 h), and the influence on sensitisation was determined via EPR test. The oil-quenched samples revealed the lowest degrees of sensitisation. Some unusual EPR results for SS-2 could be correlated with the dissolution of MnS during the test.

Kurzfassung

Gängige Schleifringe (rostfreier Stahl X12Cr13, Wkst. Nr. 1.4006) wiesen bei ihrer Anlieferung durch verschiedene Hersteller eine unterschiedlich ausgeprägte Neigung zu Fleckenbildung auf. Der Elektrochemische Potentiodynamische Reaktivierungstest (EPR-Test) brachte Sensibilisierung als Ursache für das mangelhafte Korrosionsverhalten hervor. Im Ausgangszustand wies der Stahl SS-1 ein Anlassgefüge und etwas Ferrit mit einer Sensibilisierung von maximal 2,7% auf; der Stahl SS-2 mit einer ferritischen Struktur und Karbiden an den Korngrenzen enthält MnS und Ti(C,N) und weist eine Sensibilisierung von ≈80% auf. Nachdem für beide Stähle mittels 30-minütigem Lösungsglühen bei 1050°C ein definierter Ausgangszustand eingestellt wurde, erfolgte eine Härtung der Stähle in Öl, Luft oder langsam im Ofen. Darüber hinaus wurden solche ölabgeschreckten Proben unter verschiedenen Bedingungen angelassen (45 bzw. 24 h bei 800 bzw. 750°C). Die Auswirkung auf die Sensibilisierung wurde mit Hilfe des EPR-Tests überprüft. Die ölabgeschreckten Proben wiesen die niedrigsten Sensibilisierungsgrade auf. Einige ungewöhnliche EPR-Ergebnisse für SS-2 konnten mit der Auflösung von MnS während des Tests in Verbindung gebracht werden.

Translation: E. Engert

Roland Haubner is Ao. Univ.-Prof. at TU-Vienna. His fields of activity till now were industrial tungsten production, CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) and the low-pressure diamond deposition. He is also involved in materials characterization, ceramics, corrosion and archaeometallurgy. http://cvd.cta.tuwien.ac.at/Haubner/haubner.html

Susanne Strobl is working as a scientific officer at the Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics (TU-Wien) and is teaching supervisor of metallography. She studied chemistry and her doctoral thesis was about sintered steels.

References/Literatur

[1] DIN EN ISO 12732: Corrosion of metals and alloys, Electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation measurement using the double loop method (based on Čihal's method), 2006.Search in Google Scholar

[2] Cihal, V.; Desestret, A.; Wagner, G.H.: Materials and Corrosion 52, (2001) 7–14.10.1002/1521-4176(200101)52:1<7::AID-MACO7>3.0.CO;2-NSearch in Google Scholar

[3] Schultze, S.: Tagungsband der Jahrestagung 2003 des GfKORR, 11.–12. November 2003 Frankfurt a. M., Editors: H. Leonhard, A. Burkert, 2003, S. 131–147Search in Google Scholar

[4] Kilian, R.: Materials and Corrosion52, 45–53 (2001).10.1002/1521-4176(200101)52:1<45::AID-MACO45>3.0.CO;2-PSearch in Google Scholar

[5] Alonso-Falleiros, N.; Magri, M.; Falleiros, I.G.S.: Corrosion55 (1999) 769.10.5006/1.3284032Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2011-2-2
Accepted: 2011-9-12
Published Online: 2013-06-11
Published in Print: 2012-03-01

© 2012, Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Editorial
  4. Editorial
  5. Technical Contributions/Fachbeiträge
  6. Influence of Heat Treatments on the Microstructure of a Multi-Phase Titanium Aluminide Alloy
  7. A New Tint to Obtain Coloured Metallographic Structures of Tempered Cast Iron, Carbon Steel and Alloys
  8. Microstructure and EPR Studies of 13% Chromium Steels after Various Heat Treatments and the Influence of MnS on the EPR Test
  9. The Metallurgical Causes of Structural Inhomogeneities in Hot Rolled Bars of Martensitic 12% Chromium Steels
  10. Meeting Diary/Veranstaltungskalender
  11. Meeting Diary
https://doi.org/10.3139/147.110146

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Editorial
  4. Editorial
  5. Technical Contributions/Fachbeiträge
  6. Influence of Heat Treatments on the Microstructure of a Multi-Phase Titanium Aluminide Alloy
  7. A New Tint to Obtain Coloured Metallographic Structures of Tempered Cast Iron, Carbon Steel and Alloys
  8. Microstructure and EPR Studies of 13% Chromium Steels after Various Heat Treatments and the Influence of MnS on the EPR Test
  9. The Metallurgical Causes of Structural Inhomogeneities in Hot Rolled Bars of Martensitic 12% Chromium Steels
  10. Meeting Diary/Veranstaltungskalender
  11. Meeting Diary
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2026 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 10.2.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.3139/147.110146/html
Scroll to top button